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the Rio Grande has cut a [[insert]] deep [[/insert]] canyon with stratified lava walls. 
This canyon reaches from the Colorado line to Embudo it is from a few hundred to 1000 feet deep. 
The principal vegetation of the San Louis Valley is Artemisia tridentata, Bigelovia canescens?, Tetradymia, Gutierrizia, Sarcobatus & cactus, a little white spined Opuntia. 
Along the N.E. side of the valley the Sangre de Christo Mts. rise high & bare & white & steep. I never saw a more utterly barren range, that reached as high. Oak brush & scrubby stuff seems to cover the base, but the upper slopes that should be timbered are bare slide rock. On the east the Spanish peaks in the Colubra Range are not so high. The San Juan Range west of the valley is apparently low & mainly timbered. 
Ute Peak is a big crater south of the Colorado line over the east base of which we pass on the narrow