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them warm. They are Mongolians and wear their hair in a queue, without however shaving any of the head
They subsist entirely on fish, Salmon especially, which swarm the river. Their winter supply is prepared by splitting the fish and drying in the sun without any salt, it is then called "Ukala". They keep large quantities of Dogs for their winter travelling, but of a sort inferior to the Kamchadale dogs. They are filthy in the extreme, very lazy and would be of no value as laborers.
Nicolaersk contains a population about 5,000 persons principally sailors of the fleet, soldiers and convicts. The houses are built of logs, in a few instances weather-boarded. They are the best adapted for the climate and besides they have no saw-mills for manufacturing lumber. All boards and seantling are sawn by hand, very expensive and laborious. The past contains some very good buildings and five machinery, imported from America, a Foundry, Machine Shop, Sailloft, Carpenter Shop, and they have a very good steam fire engine from America. They are also building a Gunboat under cover. I forgot to mention a small steam saw-mill. All their machinery is driven by steam. An American by the name of Barr has general superintendence of the works, and two others, Mr. Wood and Mr. Elliot, have charge of other departments.
There are two American trading houses, Board-