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The loads are also placed on the shoulders on small saddles to a mule pack saddle, but much smaller.  The load will weigh two foods or seventy-two American pounds.

A Turguse rides on one deer and leads the pack train of from 4 to a dozen deer behind him in single file, the halter of each being fastened to the neck of the one preceding him.

We had left Ovelle Lake on 14/26 Oct and on the 25th October or Nov. 6th we reached the Usahlghin river at five versts from the mouth, 200 yards wide, 14 feet deep at low tide, and the ice running furiously down the stream.  The Turguse thought that possibly some Gilgaks were living at the mouth, and we could get a boat to ford, but we found none; as of course we could not cross there, we ascended the stream some 30 versts, and finally built a raft which carried our cargo over in four trips, and then swam the deer over.  Here the river is 50 yards wide, and 10 feet deep, no tide, the current quite swift.

We had them delayed four days and a half by rainy weather, once three and a half days in one spot, and now there was nearly half a foot of snow on the ground.

We had come in a tolerably direct line, as shown on the Map, through a valley several versts wide, with very low hills on each side, always a Turname swamp or barren, but the trees very small, although those large enough for telegraph poles can