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Transcription: [00:46:53]

{SPEAKER name="Helen Rountree"}

pretty thought, pretty thought.
[00:46:55]

Now, traditional Powhatan culture. I can't talk for Maryland here nearly as well, but traditional Powhatan culture survived a lot longer than most people realize.
[00:47:06]

If you look at standard histories of the region, and unless I beat, continue beating on the Jamestown settlement, they'll give you the impression that the Indians were all gone and their culture was completely vanished by 1700, and this was not so.
[00:47:20]

There were Indians still left, and I'll do the maps again
{SILENCE}
[00:47:24]

[[screeching]]
[[laughter]]

No matter what we do, it screams at us.
{SILENCE}
[00:47:31]

{SPEAKER name="unknown woman"}
Keeps people awake anyways.

{SPEAKER name="Helen Rountree"}
Yes it does.

{SPEAKER name="unknown woman"}
Wakes them all up.
[00:47:38]

{SPEAKER name="Helen Rountree"}
The map I want you to see, is going to be kind of popularized, so bear with it. It shows where the Powhatan groups at least were in about 1700 and what happened to them later. This was strictly for tourists who would come into the Chickahominy fall festival. I ran an information booth at the tribe's request this year.
[00:47:56]

Allright, these are the surviving tribes. The ones that are in parenthesis are the ones that had either had already lost their reservation or were questionable.
[00:48:08]

I don't know when the Rappahannock pulled back or lost their reservation because there's no record made to tell me. Their land had been claimed for a long time before and they simply got pushed off it, no record was made.
[00:48:18]

The Accohannock groups were moving back and forth to Maryland and eventually they stayed in Maryland and there is nothing in Accomack County records to tell me when they left permanently, so I don't know when the land was gone.
[00:48:30]

Christianized Nansomens had not really had lands of their own for at least 70 years, but they were still together as a group, and they are down to the present, they've held together. But all the other people had reservations. On these reservations, a reasonably traditional culture was still being practiced.
[00:48:47]

I'm not just going by Robert Beverly, who tended to plagiarize Smith. If you've read your Beverly, you know, his scholarly tradition of the time allowed him to do that copying. But there are travelers' accounts as well from the late 17th century, particularly in the Rappahannock region, that show that there were quite a bit of traditional customs going on
[00:49:06]