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for harbor defense. The only military element that could hold this island would be an air force at least one half as strong as the total air force of Japan. This island comes under the "No fortifications" clause of the existing treaty.

c. THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
    1. The policy of the United States in the Philippine Islands has been to maintain a sufficient military force to hold the civil population in subjection and to repel invasion. The garrison consists of about twelve thousand troops, of which about two thousand are white. The quality and dependability of the native troops are problematic. All the different tribes are mixed in the same organizations. The officers commanding them are for the most part young men who have had only a couple of years' service with white troops in the United States. They neither understand the language of the native troops nor the country, nor are they accustomed to the conditions pertaining to this character of troops. The result is that they practically know nothing about what is going on among the troops themselves, with the result that the troops are handled largely by their ranking non-commissioned officers. I believe these troops could not be depended upon in case of serious

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