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be expected to occur in the United States with reference to the commercial uses of aircraft: First, the intelligent and systematic fostering and guiding of commercial development and uses through governmental aid and supervision. By this method, a great portion of the valuable experiences obtained during the war will be utilized. Second, the development of commercial "dividend paying" business by commercial firms. This method will result in very slow progress, will be expensive, and during the re-adjustment period following the war, no advancement will ensue. The rate of progress will be entirely dependent upon the financial returns and will be extremely slow during the first two or three years. Third: By following and imitating the development made by more progressive people. This method at the present time, appears as if it might result in, within a few years, a condition with regard to aerial transportation as existed at the beginning of the war with regard to marine transportation.

In addition to the commercial and civil situations outlined above, the question of aircraft and their uses as a means of national defense, both military and naval has become so great that considered simply as a fighting arm, the em-