Viewing page 52 of 355

This transcription has been completed. Contact us with corrections.

UNDER WILSON, BLACKS MIGRATED FROM THE SOUTH TO THE 

[[image - black & white photograph of President and Mrs. Wilson]]]
[[caption]] The President and his lady, Edith Galt Wilson, attend a sporting event; below, Wilson arrives in Paris in 1919 to begin peace talks. [[/caption]]

[[boxed]]
WOODROW WILSON, 1913-21

Sixty-third Congress, 1913-1915
Underwood tariff reduction and levying of income tax according to wealth ■ Federal Reserve Act ■ Establishment of Federal Trade Commission ■ Clayton Anti-Trust Act ■ Establishment of Coast Guard ■ Smith-Lever Act establishing agricultural extension service ■

Sixty-fourth Congress, 1915-17
Prohibition of interstate commerce in products of child labor ■ Adamson Act, eight-hour workday for interstate railway workers ■ Federal Farm Loan Act ■ Pure food law enforcement ■ Federal Highway Act ■ Smith-Hughes Act for vocational education facilities ■

Sixty-fifth Congress, 1917-19
Nineteenth Amendment, granting women's suffrage ■ Inauguration of air mail ■ Fourteen Points (presidential declaration) ■
[[/boxed]]

WILSON

The candidate had first won public attention as the Democratic reform governor of New Jersey who had secured passage of a direct primary law, a corrupt practices act and regulation of business. Views like these, shared also by Progressives, would be incorporated into the Democratic party when Woodrow Wilson became its leader.

Nineteen-twelve was the pinnacle of the Progressive achievement. The demand for social progress had sprung from many sources and had taken many forms. It had germinated in the 1890's in the increasingly crowded cities, in the immigrant tenements, in the farmlands, in the factories and in the middle class, and by the first decade of the new century the surge was so powerful that it affected both major political parties. The Progressives looked upon the new wealth of the Nineteenth Century and the technological miracles that had made it possible; they marked the abuses and the excesses of those who wielded the wealth and the power, and they turned to the fresh promise of the Twentieth Century, resolved that new opportunities should be shared equitably and that the new capabilities should be used to elevate and improve the universal condition of mankind. They demanded political reform, an end to corruption in city hall, and a restraint on the influence of money at the state and federal levels; they sought direct primaries to nominate candidates, direct election of Senators, an income tax to distribute wealth more evenly, control of businesses, and prohibition to improve the nation's morals; they advocated legislation to clear the slums, to protect women and child laborers, to establish decent working hours and conditions and injury insurance for the working man, to reform the railroads, to liberalize credit, to reduce the tariff and to give women at last the right to vote.

[[image - black & white photograph of President Wilson's Cabinet]]
[[caption]] THE WILSON CABINET, 1913: from left around table: the President; William Gibbs McAdoo, Secretary of Treasury; James Clark McReynolds, Attorney General; Josephus Daniels, Secretary of Navy; David Franklin Houston, Secretary of Agriculture; William Bauchop Wilson, Secretary of Labor; William C. Redfield, Secretary of Commerce; Franklin Knight Lane, Secretary of Interior; Albert Sidney Burleson, Postmaster General; Lindley M. Garrison, Secretary of War; and William Jennings Bryan, Secretary of State. [[/caption]] 

52