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were not for vivisection we would not have penicillin or sulfa drugs."  Sulfa drugs were discovered by a chemist and penicillin by a biologist while looking through a microscope.

Then it has been said "Well the uses and doses were worked out on dogs."  Dr. A. V. Allen, noted Chicago physician and surgeon, is quoted as saying "In order to determine how much truth there was in that statement, I read the briefs of every article published in the world about penicillin from the time of it's discovery, to the present, and what did I find?  Ninety percent of the articles dealt with trials on man.  Arranged chronologically, practically everything tried on dogs had previously been determined on people.  In the long list of diseases for which penicillin is recommended, one finds few diseases, which dogs have, or could even be simulated in dogs."

Here is another "experiment" reported in The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine – Vol. 29 – March, 1944, pages 308 to 311.  This same experiment was also carried out and reported in the Journal of Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics – Vol. 82 – No. 3. 1944. Nov. Pages 377 to 390.  Here is what was reported.  Quote "Stocks were used to immobilize unanesthetized rabbits.  The stocks were specially constructed so that the rabbits cannot break their necks in their tortured struggles (as they formerly used to do) while their eyes are slowly burned out by chemicals."  Unquote.

I am not going on and torture you and myself with any further concrete experiments – except to say this – We are told that dogs and other animals are always anesthetized and do not suffer – Is that true?  How can it be when the vivisector's own descriptions of their experiments prove absolutely to the contrary?

Vivisection anesthesia (when used) is not what the public knows as surgical anesthesia, and, anesthetics are not used in a large number of exceedingly painful experiments such as – Starving dogs for 20 to 48 days, and in some cases for a hundred days.  X-Ray experiments where dogs are literally burned up.  Depriving puppies of sleep by walking them up and down until they die (the vivisectors work in shifts).  Whirling animals in a specially prepared machine until they die.  Running them on treadmills until they drop from utter exhaustion.  Baking dogs (they die from 5 minutes to 12 hours after being taken from the oven).  Putting mustard oil in the dogs eyes.  Freezing experiments, poison gas experiments and feeding experiments.  Keeping animals in absolute darkness for as long as seven months, suffocation experiments, sewing together of two animals, the forcing of excessive amounts of water into dogs.  Shock experiments, the drying out of all possible liquid in a dog's body.  Experiments with the express purpose of producing pain.  Inoculation experiments by the hundred thousand, which experiments often cause a great amount of and prolonged suffering.

Most of these as I have said before, are tried out without anesthesia.  To go further into the surgical experiments reported and verified by vivisectors in medical laboratories all over the country, would be to sicken the average individual to a point where he or she could not listen to me.  So let us talk about what many famous Doctors and Surgeons say against vivisection, as far back as the time of Henry J. Bigelow M.D., Professor of Surgery at Harvard University (the most eminent surgeon in America of his day).  Dr. Bigelow said, "Vivisection is needless – The law should interfere – There will come a time when the world will look back on modern vivisection in the name of science, as they do now to the burning at the stake in the name of religion."

Lawson Tait M.D. who was the most distinguished surgeon of England said, "Not only do I believe that vivisection has not helped the surgeon one bit, but I know it has often led him astray.  I for one, deeply regret that I ever had anything to do with it."

Many of you have read and loved Albert Payson Terhune's Dog Stories.  It was Mr. Terhune who once asked, Quote "Where does all this lead to and what good to mankind at large is gained by proving that respiration tends to fall or rise when flame is applied to a dog's paw, or when boiling water is poured into his intestines?  Even an ignoramus would have known that tearing and forcing disassociation tend to produce shock.  Shock is produced by the bare reading of it."  Unquote.

The late G. Bernard Show put his thoughts into words cleverly as usual – He said, Quote: "Honorable men do not behave dishonorably even to dogs."

Honorable Wendell Phillips Stafford, 27 years an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, placed it on a Christian basis when he said, Quote:  "If you can vivisect a dog, with the Saviour standing at your side, do it.  If not, you had better hold your hand."  Unquote.

And Speaking of Christianity – Here are a few remarks taken from one of those high in the Catholic Church – I quote from Cardinal Newman in a discourse based on the text Isaiah 53:7 – he uses the words.  "How very horrible it is to read accounts which sometimes meet us of cruelties exercised on brute animals!  At one time it is the wanton deed of barbarous and angry owners who ill treat their cattle or beasts of burden, and at another it is the cold-blooded and calculating act of men of science, who make experiments on brute animals, perhaps merely from a sort of curiosity.  I do not like to go into particulars for many reasons, but one of these instances which we read of as happening this day, and which seems more shocking than the rest, is when the poor dumb victim is fastened against a wall – pierced, gashed and so left to linger out it's life."

Cardinal Manning, in a speech, thus expressed his views on the subject.  Quote:  "I take the first opportunity that has been offered me to renew publicly my firm determination so long as life is granted to me, to assist in putting an end to that which I believe to be a detestable practice without scientific result and immoral in itself ... I believe the time has come, and I only wish we had the power legally, to prohibit altogether the practice of vivisection.  Nothing can justify it – no claim of