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E the NATIONS rom WAR HIPS and CITIES. of the SUBMARINE. -ower motor; K. Weill, New York, a flying -ance "without motors;" D.C. Bassett, of -o "expects to enter an airship to -e with anything." Here are the dispositions -for the suggested contests: -al race, Aero Club championship, May 4; -e balloons, June 1; competition of ordinary -s for distance, June 15; for durations, Aug. 3; -ective point, Sept. 7; for altitude, Nov. 16; -uit of pilot balloon, Aug. 17. -g devices heavier than air, with motor and J. Norton Griffiths--Challenge Cup to winner of Daily Mail race. Brookland Automobile Racing Cup--$12,500 to the aeronaut who is successful in flying around the Weybridge track, without touching ground from start to finish, at a height of thirty to fifty feet from the ground. Ruinart Pere & Fils--$2,500 to the first aeroplane to fly from French shore to English shore or vice versa; from Cape- [[Image]] Well Known 1907 Models of Airships and Dirigible Balloons to Compete in Jamestown Races. Progress of Sky Travel to the Present Day. BALLOONS [[5 column table]] | Altitude | Hours in Air. | Miles Flight. | Balloon or Pilot | Country. | | 2,000 | .... | 27 | Charles | France | | .... | 19 3/4 | 1,150 | John Wise | United States | | 37,000 | .... | .... | .......... | England | | 31,000 | .... | .... | Berson | Germany | | 24,000 | .... | .... | Lissandler | France | | .... | 5 1/2 | 200 | Spencer | England | | 18,000 | 35 5/4 | 1,192 | De La Vaulx | France | | .... | 14 1/2 | 225 | Thomas | United States | | 29,000 | .... | .... | Glaisher | England | | 28,930 | Over Mt. Blanc | | Usuelli | Italy | | .... | 16 | 420 | Vivian IV. | England | | 9,000 | 23 | 402 | Lahm | United States | AIRSHIPS [[7 column table]] | Altitude | Hours. | Miles. | Motor H. P. | Weight or Length | Pilot | Country | | Mendon to Paris | & ret. | 8 | 220 lbs. | Renard | France | | .... | .... | 9 | 20 | 108 ft. | Santos-Dumont | Brazil | | . | Over London | | | .... | ...... | Spencer | England | | ... | 8 | Over Paris | 15 | ...... | Santos-Dumont | Brazil | | 22 | 220 | .... | ...... | De La Vaulx | France | | 2 ^0 | 1 1-3 | 18 | 140 | 410 ft. | Zeppelin | Germany | | .... | 1 | 12 | 7 | 110 ft. | Stevens | United States | | .... | 10 | 220 | 70 | 196 ft. | Lebaudy | France | AEROPLANES [[7 column table]] | Altitude. | Hours. | Miles. | Motor H. P. | Weight or Length. | Pilot. | Country. | | 15 | .... | 1/3 & ret. | 2.4 | 208 lbs. | Santos-Dumont | Brazil | | .... | 1/2 | 24 | 15 | 925 lbs. | Wright. | United States | | 600 | 1/2 | 11 | 16 | 96 ft. | De La Vaulx | France | -tor, will have their day Sept. 14; with motor, -24; without motor and carrying operator, -14. There will also be competitions in drop- -shells (harmless) nearest selected objective -or target, a search for submarines from war- -&c., and a competition for longest trip, open -g exposition. St. Louis, on Oct. 19, the contest for the Ben- -nternational Cup for balloons will take place. -s have been announced as follows: France, -balloons; Great Britain, three; Germany, -Spain, three; Italy, two, and America, three. -contests of the year all over the world are -ows: -Matin, Paris--$50,000, Paris to London in 1908; -les in less than twenty-four hours; open to dirigible balloons or heavier-than-air machines. -y Mail, London--$50,000, London to Manchester. -les; open only to heavier-than-air machines -by members of a recognized aero club. -Car, London--(1) $2,500 (trophy) annually to aeronaut who flies longest distance in United Kingdom -without touching ground in a self-propelled -r-than-air machine; (2) $25 a mile for every successfully accomplished in the Daily Mail competition by the machine which completes the -t distance without touching ground, pro- at least twenty-five miles is covered. -ns Manufacturing Company, London--$10,000 -y aeroplane that wins the Daily Mail flight, -ed it is entirely manufactured in Great Britain -dependencies. -car, London--$2,500 in the same connection, pro- -engine used in the successful aeroplane is -y a British motor-car manufacturer. -Graphic, London--$5,000 to the inventor who -es a heavier-than-air machine which will -one or more persons through the air from one -to another not less than a mile distant. Gris-Nez to Dover; is about nineteen miles. Societe des Bains de Mer d'Ostende--$40,000 to any flying machine or dirigible to go from Ostend to Paris in twenty-four hours; distance, 186 miles. Henry Deutsch, Paris--$14,000 (trophy) to any flying machine or dirigible to cover 124-mile course. Deutsch-Archdeacon, Paris -- $10,000 to heavier-than-air machine which accomplishes closed circuit of sixty-two miles without touching ground. Daily Mail, London--$1,250 for three best models of heavier-than-air machines exhibited at exhibition, London, April 13, 1907. Barnum & Bailey--$10,000 for the purchase of a heavier-than-air machine to be used daily. Frank Hedges Butler. London--Challenge Cup for the longest distance cov- -by aeroplanes or balloons starting from Lon- -on a given date. Lord Howard De Walde- -Prize--Offered for a type heavier than air. Sir David Salomon's Cup--For a- -than-air type. Bennett International Aeronautic $2,500 Cup--International contest for balloons open to clubs only belonging to the Federation. Lahm Cup, $500 value--d[?]red by the Aero Club of America to members of any aero club for the longest distance covered by bal- -United States. Total prizes, value of more- -...$215,- -with Aero Club of America- -plane flight (conditions to be announced later) .......................... Grand total....................... Airship-Destroyers Next, Says Hudson Ma- HUDSON MAXIM, inventor of maximite and stabillite, foresees that immediately one belligerent employs balloons and airships for attack, the other will have them also. "To counter is the rule in war as in boxing," he remarked. "Armed with light rapid-firers these airships would meet and fight each other in the sky. "Should some escape, and succeed in getting above the enemy's works with d- -the damage they would inflict could -upon Broadway would pounds of dynamite- -k the fronts of buildings. Its area of eff- -d be about 500 feet. "But if the same amount of explosive were dropped upon Fort Worth it would not accomplish much. "If a hundred airships carrying ten tons of dynamite, were to pass- -fortifications and drop other explosives upon New York there- -considerable harm done. We also w- -squadron to intercept them, but supp- -not, not- -can fire at an angle of 45- -the airship- -could not always be just- -out- -ge of all the coast guns a- A- -time they could be shot at, a- -bursting- -near a balloon or airship w- -down. "-balloon succeeded in getting j- -ee a submarine and drop a pr- -ourse the submarine, if alone,- -nied. From ship or shore som- -same moment have an opportun- -ject in the air. -, even if a submarine now an- -that way--what of it? Defenses- [[Image]] WAR-BALLOONING TO-DAY. UNITED STATES--Signal Service of War Department of the United States has acquired a French dirigible and an American balloon and completed erection of an aerodrome at Fort Omaha, where practical instruction and experiment in aeronautics has already commenced. Appropriation, $150,000. Lieut. Lahn detailed as instructor. FRANCE--Maintains aeronautic corps. Accepted after tests in November and December the steerable airship Lebaudy; also La Patrie, of same type, which flew sixty miles and was always controllable at a speed of twenty-two miles an hour. Both successfully sailed by the army. A third, Republique, now under construction. All are for use on the frontiers of France. GERMANY--Government authorized a lottery to enable Zeppelin to continue perfection of his airship at Lake Constance, with a Government grant of $150,000. It weighs nearly ten tons, but has circled two hours at a time 2,500 feet in air, and sailed against a twelve-mile breeze and made eighteen miles. GREAT BRITAIN--Royal Commission appointed to report on military uses of present airships. Balloons used in sham battles to study enemy's country. All modern armies, except the Japanese, possess balloons to be used, captive and free, for signalling and observation. Japan and England are expected to oppose at The Hague efforts to do away with the prohibition against fighting from air machines. Each fort. torpedo boat battleship is strong in attack, but may be lost. Indeed, units are intended to be lost. A battleship costs about the same as 300 torpedo-boats. A commander could afford to lost a great many of his 300 torpedo-boats if one a last should sink an enemy's battleship costing millions of dollars and carrying down 1,000 men. "Whenever we make a new engine of war, we make another to destroy it. Thus, after the torpedo-boat came the torpedo-boat destroyer. As soon as airships are used in war, there will be airship destroyers to meet them in their own element. Resilience will not be placed on guns below on land." Getting Used to Aerial Words and Customs. FLYING, as a problem to be solved, being now behind us, the worst is yet to come--adjustment of ourselves to the new conditions. First, as when electricity was new, and when automobiling started, we shall have to have some new nouns, verbs, and adjectives, and especially a few vivid cuss-words. France, that gave us "chauffeur," has already provided "aviateur" for the operator of the air apparatus, and confined "aeronaut" to the ordinary person going up in a balloon or airship. But she has originated no aeronautic expletive. Then there are the lanes, the channels, the trajectories of flight--some description not mundane will have to be supplied for them before the airships, which (according to Santos-Dumont) are to transport 1,000 persons apiece from New York to Havre in two days, arrange their paths and schedules. When there are four ways to avoid a collision--under, over or by going either side of the oncoming dirigible--the rules of the road will be doubly complicated. War would take on new terrors and might become as destructive to life as American railway transportation. War has never been a safe occupation, however, and to risk oneself to sustention in the air by a gas-filled envelope, which can be guided in any direction and kept reasonably out of range of modern guns, is not perhaps more to be dreaded that assignment to a battle-ship filled with smokeless powder manufactured by "chemical short cuts."
