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valued the double distance in a straight line just to the most distant point which shall be verified. The point of landing must be only at the most 1% of the distance covered below the point of take-off, that is to say it is necessary that the straight line just to the point of return be at least 50 times longer than the point of separation is above the ground. The landing must be made within a 500 meters radius around the projection of the point of take-off on the ground.

In the case of the of the record [[underlined]] "duration with return to starting point"[[/underlined]] there shall be counted the duration form the time of the separation just to the time of landing made within 500 meters around the projection of the point of take-off on the ground.

[[underlined]] Terrain Better Organized [[/underlined]]

To partially off-set weather conditions, several improvements over last year were noted. Only two take-off points were used; ie, South Mountain and East Ridge. On South Mountain, numerous trees had been cut down thereby materially reducing the hazards of landing at the take-off point. None of the old take-off points on East Ridge were used but a new one was organized; trees cut away; many of the stones removed and the entire area made far more suitable for take-offs and landing than was the case on any site in 1930. However the prediction of J.K. O'Meara (now in Europe attending the international contest) that East Ridge had many aerodynamical hazards not found on South Mountain seemed well justified and officials had to use their authority in not permitting inexperienced pilots to fly there.

Thanks to the New York Telephone Co., South Mountain was tied in to the airport by a private telephone line while communications with East Ridge were by radio last year. This year a "Message Center" was set up on the airport which in turn was in direct touch with Headquarters; South Mountain and the public by phone and by East Ridge by radio. This resulted in a high degree of efficiency. In the case of one serious accident thru the use of radio and message center, the ambulance at the airport was a the scene six miles away within 20 minutes.

[[underlined]] Summer Thermals Not so Apparent [[/underlined]]

The thermal currents expected during the meet because of the time of year did not materialize to any greater and possibly less advantage than in September and October of 1930. The intense heat that prevailed during much of the 1931 contest caused all of the atmosphere to head to a degree there. Variations of hot and cold air are needed for effective thermals and few cool breezes were to be found during flying hours. On the other hand, Hawley Bowlus and other pilots did on several occasions get considerable aid from thermals in the wider valleys.

[[underlined]] Many New Pilots Win Licenses [[/underlined]]

A striking feature of this year's contest was the number of pilots earning their F.A.I. licenses. Twenty-one pilots qualified for their "C" or soaring rating. This is a gain of over 100 percent for the "C" list for the entire United States. 28 qualified for "B" and 2 for "A" licenses. The lists of those earning licenses is as follows: