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38 THE CRISIS

efficacious through non-political influence.

The logical sequence of suffrage is office-holding.  Female suffrage will never reach its full fruition until fully one-half of all public offices, legislative, judicial and executive, local and national, are filled by women.  Is the public mind ready for this risky innovation?

It is alleged that Negro suffrage and woman suffrage rest on the same basis.  But on close analysis it is found that there is scarcely any common ground between them.  The female sex does not form a class separate and distinct from the male sex in the sense that the Negro forms a class separate and distinct from the whites.  Experience and reason both alike show that no race is good enough to govern another without that other's consent.  On the other hand both experience and reason demonstrate that the male seeks the welfare and happiness of the female even above his own interest.  The Negro can not get justice or fair treatment without the suffrage.  Woman can make no such claim, for man accords hernot only every privilege which he himself enjoys but the additional privilege of protection.

The fundamental defect in the propaganda of woman suffrage consists in the fact that instead of confining its effort to the improvement of woman's lot along the line of her obvious sphere and function in the social scheme, it insists upon her privilege and opportunities being artificially identical with those of man.  It is amusing to note that women are to be allowed to vote and twenty-one merely because men are accorded the privilege at that age; whereas according to their physical and mental developments, the sexes have a different order of maturity.  If the strictly physiological and psychological basis of male suffrage is placed at twenty-one, female suffrage should be placed at eighteen.  If man should be allowed to vote on the first appearance of a mustache, some woman would doubtless demand the same privilege.

Male and female created He them; what God has made different man strives in vain to make identical.



GLIMPSES OF BRAZIL
By R.  W.  MERGUSON


BRAZIL occupies about one-half the land area of South America.  It is larger than the United States without Alaska and is the third largest country in the world, Russia and China alone being larger.  Most of its land lies in the southern hemisphere.  So vast is its territory, so dense its thousands of leagues of tropical forests, and so inadequate are its transportation facilities, that it remains today the one country about which least is known.  The upper Amazon basin, in the states of Amazones and Matto Grosso, states larger than empires, has hardly as yet been trod by the foot of civilized man.  All the countries of Europe, except Russia, could be placed within its borders and still there would be sufficient territory left to accommodate a portion of the United States.

From the Guianas on the north to the Republic of Uruguay on the south is a distance of nearly four thousand miles.  Practically all of South America lies east of North America.  Should one travel directly south from Chicago and continue his journey as far south as the latitude of Rio Janeiro, the capital of Brazil, he would be in the Pacific Ocean a thousand miles from the west coast of South America and Rio Janeiro would be two thousand five hundred miles east.

With its territory covering forty degrees of latitude, Brazil enjoys several varieties of climate.  The general yet erroneous opinion is that as a whole it has only a tropical climate.  This is not so.  Near the equator and up the Amazon Valley the climate is oppressive, rainfall 


GLIMPSES OF BRAZIL
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THE POLICE PARADING BEFORE THE CITY HALL, RIO JANEIRO


is abundant and the vegetation the most luxuriant to be found anywhere on the globe.  In this humid, sultry climate in the Amazon forests, is the home of the rubber tree.  Farther to the south the climate becomes more agreeable and salubrious.  In the southern states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catharina the climate is temperate, somewhat like the southern states.

Rio Janeiro is situated just in the tropics.  It occupies about the same relative position south of the equator that Havana, Cuba, does north.  The maximum temperature at Rio never exceeds one hundred degrees fahrenheit.  The nights are always cool and comfortable, this being due to the sea breezes which blow shoreward each evening.

Brazil has the greatest river system in the world.  The Amazon with its thousands of tributaries drains a territory six times larger than France.  This mighty pulsating artery is some four thousand miles long.  The volume of water which it carries is so great, and the force so tremendous, that for more than a hundred miles from shore its water have not mingled with the blue waters of the Atlantic.  The most brilliant and gay plumaged birds in the world are found near this river.

The oldest city in the new world is Bahia.  The approach from the sea to this city of 350,000 inhabitants is impressive: the dark green tropical foliage and the tall majestic palms piercing the skies, and every where a riot of color, make a picture of surpassing beauty.

By far the larger population, about ninety-five per cent of its 350,000 people are Negroes.  Pernambuco, a city of 250,000 people is next.  Bahia has three times as many Negroes as Washington, D. C., which has something like 100,00, and there are more Negroes in this city than any other city in the world.  There are also many Negroes in Rio Janeiro but the racial mixture there is so general and thorough that it is difficult to state with any degree of accuracy the exact number.

Bahia was the slave center of South America, where thousands and hundreds of thousands of African slaves have been landed since the sixteenth century.  The Bahian Negro of today is similar to the American Negro, bu with a larger infusion of Indian blood.

Bahia is a city of contrasts.  The upper town is the most beautiful of cities, with clean, well paved streets, houses in bright colors, with roofs of pink and sides in various shades.  Its parks, plazas and theatres are inviting and agreeable.  The domes and spires of its scores of churches stand in bold relief against the azure sky.  No other city of its size in the world can boast of more churches.

In a climate like this, where vegetation is so profuse, each dwelling has its own miniature park with trees and flowers,