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18 same no. of genterj firing tools sorok - tool for getting ashes utik - for pushing in sampah ashes are taken from underneath with sorok & piled on top of tiles before firing so have several layers of tiles & wood topped by a layer of bushes afternoon to 2nd PDP village in Demak i.e. desa Ngaluran: KAB : DEMAK KEC : KARANGANYAR KAL : NGALURAN DUKOH : 1. KALITEKUK 2. NGALURAN Bambang Sumitro : SUPARNO -113 perusahan making krupuk in the area - 108 in Kalit & 5 in Ngahurah about 25% perusahans use only family labor & rest use buruh 5- 10 as a rule, with largest using 18- largest producers are Pak Sungaim, Pak Senin, Pak Haji Maksum, Pak Rabu, & Pak Komar Pak Komar the founder of the industry 17 in that area - comes from W. Java & the krupuk made in that area mainly of W. Java wormy looking type - originally procedure he kept a secret - he arrived in the village in 1961 & other people didn't begin producing till 1968 in 1967 Pak Carik brought a teacher from Kec. Balang to teach others -bumbu includes ikan, trasi, bawang, ketumbas, gram, mota, obatgula -maw ingredient tapioca = cassava flour which they buy from Kab. pali they grow a bit of cassava in the village but just to eat; not made into flour - soil not really suitable are several tapioca factories incl. Sekar Jaya, Jenderawasi, Bintang factories distance from Ngaluran about 50k; bay by colt one person has his own colt; others rent at 3000 Rp Petrys; 1 colt can carry 1 1/2 ton of tapioca = 15 quintal smaller producers occasionally rent a colt in a group by generally they must buy from larger