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12 authorities generally unwilling to join unions or go into offices or institutions which could help them -2nd trait of poor is broken family structures & disharmony at home -- high %age feel insecure from childhood because father has deserted the family p61 -3rd trait is feeling of impotence & helplessness which leads to fatalism; undermines motivation to work & improve their situation & leads to living for the moment only - unable to defer gratification for better future -Lewis feels hard to break out of culture of pov - says by the time slum children are 6 or 7 they have usually absorbed the basic values and attitudes of their sub-culture and not psychologically geared to take full advantage of changing conditions or increased opportunities. -follows trait lists by Papanek & Parsudi why less useful Parsudi does not phenomenon of the 'buying local' or man who leaves his family behind in the village & presents himself as a bachelor in town -finally, Jak's poor [strikethrough]leave[/strikethrough] live under tremendous burden of insecurity 15 whereby hard-won beginnings of prosperity can be lost in a day by eviction, slum burning, conviscation & destruction of productive equipment, family illness consuming all cash reserves, etc. Chapter 3: Socia Econ Data on the Residents of Kampung Sawah -K.S. falls w/ in R.W.09 but at time of writing had no official R.T.s because the kalurahan & wali kota don't recognize them as Jak. residents -here says a total of 1500HH in the kampong ((?)) -paths between tightly packed houses narrow & irregular, reflecting fact houses not all built at same time -[tanying?] Duren established 1st & later spilled over into Palmerah -this research covers T.D. only, tho residences in Palmerah of even worse quality -bounded on north by Jl.S. Parman, on W. by Kali Grogol & Jl. Taman Anggrek, on south [strikethrough]of[/strikethrough] by Sekneg housing complex & on E. by Palmera & [strikethrough]sou[/strikethrough] some land planted in veg & tree crops