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WEIGHTS AND MEASURES LONG OR LINEAR MEASURE 12 inches (in.) = 1 foot (ft.) 3 feet = 1 yard (yd.) 5 1/2 yds. or 16 1/2 ft. = 1 rod (rd.) or pole (p.) 40 rods = 1 furlong (fur.) 8 furlongs = 1 mile (mi.) 320 rods or 5,280 ft. = 1 mile 3 miles = 1 league SQUARE MEASURE 144 square inches = 1 square foot (sq. ft.) 9 square feet = 1 square yard (sq. yd.) 30 1/4 sq. yds. or 272 1/4 sq. ft. = 1 square rod (sq. rd.) 40 square rods = 1 rood 4roodsor160sq.rds. = 1 acre (A.) 640 acres = 1 square mile (sq. mi.) Note: A perch (P.) is a square rod. CUBIC MEASURE 1,728 cubic inches = 1 cubic foot (cu. ft.) 27 cubic feet = 1 cubic yard (cu. yd.) 24 3/4 cubic feet = 1 perch (P.) WOOD MEASURE 16 cubic feet = 1 cord foot 8 cord feet or 128 cu. ft. = 1 cord (cd.) Note: A cord of wood, as generally piled, is 8ft. long, 4ft. wide and 4ft. high. LIQUID MEASURE 4 gills (gi.) = 1 pint (pt.) 2 pints = 1 quart (qt.) 4 quarts = 1 gallon (gal.) Note: In the United States, a gallon contains 231 cu.in.; 31 gallons are considered a barrel (bbl.), and 63 gallons a hogshead (hhd.) APOTHECARIES' FLUID MEASURE 60 minims = 1 fluid dram (fl. dr.) 8 fluid drams = 1 fluid ounce (fl. oz.) 16 fluid ounces = 1 pint (O.) 8 pints= 1 gallon (C.) DRY MEASURE 2 pints (pt.) = 1 quart (qt.) 8 quarts = 1 peck (pk.) 4 pecks = 1 bushel (bu.) Note: In the United States, a bushel contains 2,150.42 cu. in.; in Great Britain, 2,218.2. TROY WEIGHT 24 grains(gr.) = 1 pennyweight (pwt. or dwt.) 20 pennyweights = 1 ounce (oz.) 12 ounces = 1 pound (lb.) Note: 1 lb. troy equals 5,760 grains. In weighing diamonds 1 carat equals 3.168 troy grains, and is divided into quarters, which are called carat grains. APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT 20 grains (gr.) = 1 scruple (sc.) 3 scruples = 1 dram (dr.) 8 drams = 1 ounce (oz.) 12 ounces = 1 pound (lb.) Note: The pound, ounce and grain have the same weight as those of troy weight. MARINERS' MEASURE 6 feet = 1 fathom 120 fathoms = 1 cable length (or cable) 7 1/2 cable lengths = 1 mile 5,280 feet = 1 statute mile 6,085 feet = 1 nautical mile AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT 27 11/12 grains = 1 dram (dr.) 16 drams = 1 ounce (oz.) 16 ounces = 1 pound (lb.) 25 pounds = 1 quarter 4 quarters or 100 pounds (U.S.) = 1 hundredweight (cwt.) 112 lbs. (Gt.Brit.) = 1 hundredweight 20 hundredweight or 2,000 pounds = 1 ton (T.) Note: 1 lb. avoirdupois equals 7,000 grains. The "long ton," 2,240 pounds, is the usual ton in England, but it is also used in the United States. TIME MEASURE 60 seconds (sec.) = 1 minute (min.) 60 minutes = 1 hour (hr.) 24 hours = 1 day (da.) 7 days = 1 week (wk.) 365 days = 1 common year (yr.) 12 months = 1 common year 366 days = 1 leap year 100 years = 1 century COMMON UNITS 12 units = 1 dozen (doz.) 12 dozen = 1 gross (gr.) 144 units = 1 gross 12 gross = 1 great gross 20 units = 1 score PAPER MEASURE 24 sheets = 1 quire 20 quires = 1 ream (480 sheets) 500 sheets = 1 ream (commercial) 2 reams = 1 bundle 5 bundles = 1 bale UNITED STATES MONEY 10 mills = 1 cent ($0.01) 10 cents = 1 dime ($0.10) 10 dimes = 1 dollar ($1.00) Note: The five-cent coin is popularly called a nickel; the twenty-five cent coin, a quarter (slang two bits); the fifty-cent coin, a half dollar (slang four bits). ENGLISH MONEY 4 farthings = 1 penny (1d) 12 pence = 1 shilling (1/-) 20 shillings = 1 pound (1£) 21 shillings = 1 guinea Note: There are also half-penny coins. The gold coin of a pound sterling is called a sovereign. In English slang the shilling is bob, the sovereign quid. The pound sterling is equivalent to about $4.87 when at par; the guinea is usually rated at $5.00 exactly. KITCHEN WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 4 large tablespoonfuls = 1/2 gill 1 teacup = 1 gill 1 glass (ordinary tumbler) = 1/2 pint 2 cups = 1 pint 2 pints = 1 quart 1 tablespoonful = 1/2 ounce 1 wine glass (large) = 2 ounces 16 tablespoonfuls = 1 cup 60 drops = 1 teaspoonful 3 teaspoonfuls = 1 tablespoonful 4 tablespoonfuls = 1/4 cup 1 tablespoonful = 1/2 fluid ounce 1 ordinary cup = 2 gills COPYRIGHT MCMXXXVIII, MCMXXXIX BY WHITMAN PUBLISHING COMPANY JANUARY 1 Sunday Out with Judy last night went to movies + sunlys then home, got in 2 oclock. Went down on other plead in peth. Oven on evening highway with highway with M Wheeler to see about buying land good day. January 2 Monday Today we killed hogs, had only 3 to kill. Finished up in 1/2 olay i then went to Waldorf to see about gant from the mamure spreadr fair day. January 1- NEW YEAR's DAY, a legal holiday in all states. 1863- President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation effective. 1902- Commonwealth of Australia formed and proclaimed. 1907- Pure Food Law went into effect in U.S. January 2-1776-American colonial flag unfurled at Washington's headquarters, Cambridge, Mass. 1788-Georgia the 4th state to ratify U.S. Constitution. 1911-Postal Savings Banks first opened in U.S.
