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purtenances, or accessories of whatever description, which are used, or are capable of being or intended to be used, in the navigation, operation, or control of helicopters in flight (including communication equipment, electronic devices, and any other mechanism or mechanisms installed in or attached to helicopters during flight, but excluding parachutes), and which are not a part or parts of airframes, powerplants, rotor heads, power-transmitting components, or rotating airfoil surfaces.

Approved. Approved, when used alone or as modifying terms such as means, method, action, equipment, etc., means approved by the Administrator.

Authorized representative of the Administrator. An authorized representative of the Administrator is any employee of the Civil Aeronautics Administrator or any private person, authorized by the Administrator to perform particular duties of the Administrator under the provisions of this part.

Check airman. A check airman is an airman designated by the air carrier and approved by the Administrator to examine other airmen to determine their proficiency with respect to procedures and technique and their competence to perform their respective airman duties.

Crew member. A crew member is any individual assigned by an air carrier for the performance of duty on a helicopter in flight.

Duty aloft. Duty aloft includes the entire period during which an individual is assigned as a member of a helicopter crew during flight time.

En route. En route means the entire flight from the point of origination to the point of termination, including intermediate stops.

Flight crew member. A flight crew member is a crew member assigned to flight deck duty on a helicopter.

Flight release. A flight release is an authorization issued by an air carrier specifying the conditions for the origination or continuance of a particular flight.

Flight time. Flight time is the time from the moment the helicopter first moves under its own power for the purpose of flight until it comes to rest at the next point of landing (block-to-block time).

Helicopter. A helicopter is a rotorcraft which depends principally for its support and motion in the air upon the lift generated by one or more power-driven rotors, rotating on substantially vertical axes.

Heliport. A heliport is an area of land, water, or any structure approved by the Administrator for the landing and take-off of helicopters.

HIR. HIR is the symbol used to designate helicopter instrument flight rules.

HVR. HVR is the symbol used to designate helicopter visual flight rules.

Interstate air transportation. Interstate air transportation is the carriage by helicopter of persons or property as a common carrier for compensation or hire or the carriage of mail by helicopter, in commerce between a place in any State of the United states, or the District of Columbia, and a place in any other State of the United states, or the District of Columbia; or between places in the same State of the United States, or the District of Columbia; whether such commerce moves wholly by helicopter or partly by helicopter and partly by other forms of transportation.

Maximum certificated take-off weight. Maximum certificated take-off weight is the maximum take-off weight authorized by the terms of the helicopter airworthiness certificate.

Month. A month is that period of time extending from the first day of any month as delineated by the calendar through the last day thereof.

Night. Night is the time between the ending of evening civil twilight and the beginning to forming civil twilight as published in the American Air Almanac converted to local time for the locality concerned.

NOTE: The American Air Almanac containing the ending of evening twilight and the beginning of morning twilight tables may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Information is also available concerning such tables in the offices of the Civil Aeronautics Administration or the united States Weather Bureau.

Operational control. Operational control is the exercise of authority over initiation , continuation, diversion, or termination of a flight.

Operations specifications. Operations specifications are rules of particular applicability issued by the Administrator under delegated authority from the Board and are not part of the air carrier operating certificate.

Pilot in command. The pilot in command is the pilot designated by the air carrier as the pilot responsible for the operation and safety of the helicopter during the time defined as flight time.

Pilotage. Pilotage is navigation by means of visual reference to landmarks.

Provisional heliport. A provisional heliport is a heliport approved for use by an air carrier for the purpose of providing service to a community when the regular heliport serving that community is no available.

Rating. A rating is an authorization issued with a certificate, and forming a part thereof, delineating special conditions, privileges, or limitations pertaining to such certificate.

Refueling heliport. A refueling heliport is a heliport approved as a heliport to which flights may be dispatched only for refueling.

Regular heliport. A regular heliport is a heliport approved as a regular terminal or intermediate stop on an authorized route.

Rotor. A rotor is a system of rotating airfoils.
(1) Main rotor(s). The main rotor(s) is the main system of rotating airfoils providing sustentation for the helicopter.
(2) Auxiliary rotor. An auxiliary rotor is one which serves either to counteract the effect of the main rotor torque on the helicopter, or to maneuver the helicopter about one or more of its three principal axes.

Route. A route is an established way or course for helicopters which has been designated by the Administrator.

Route segment. A route segment is a portion of a route each terminus of which is identified by: (1) A continental or insular geographic location, or (2) a point at which a definite radio fix can be established.

Scheduled for duty aloft. Scheduled for duty aloft means the assignment of a flight crew member on the basis of the flight time established in the operations schedules rather than the actual flight time.

Show. Show means to demonstrate or prove to the satisfaction of the Administrator prior to the issuance of the air carrier operating certificate and at any time thereafter required by the Administrator.

Time in service. Time in service, as used in computing maintenance time records, is the time from the moment a helicopter leaves the ground until it touches the ground at the end of a flight.

Type. With regard to airman qualifications, type means all helicopters of the same basic design including all modifications thereto except those modifications which the Administrator has found result in a substantial change in the characteristics pertinent to the airman concerned.

Visibility. Visibility is the greatest distance at which conspicuous objects can be seen and identified.
(1) Flight visibility. Flight visibility is the average range of visibility from the cockpit of a helicopter in flight to see and identify prominent unlighted objects by day and prominent lighted objects by night.
(2) Ground visibility. Ground, visibility is the visibility at the earth's surface as reported by the United States Weather Bureau or by a source approved by the Weather Bureau.

Week. A week is that period of time extending from the first day of any week as delineated by the calendar through the last day thereof.

Year. A year is that period of time extending from the first day of any year as delineated by the calendar through the last day thereof.

CERTIFICATION RULES AND OPERATIONS SPECIFICATIONS REQUIREMENT

§46.10 Certificate required. No person subject to the provisions of this part shall operate a helicopter in scheduled interstate air transportation without, or in violation of the terms of, an air carrier operating certificate issued by the Administrator.

§46.11 Contents of certificate. An air carrier operating certificate shall specify the points to and from which, and the routes over which, an air carrier is authorized to operate.

§46.12 Application for certificate. An application for an air carrier operating certificate shall be made in the form and manner and contain information prescribed by the Administrator.

§46.13 Issuance of certificate. (a) An air carrier operating certificate shall