Viewing page 177 of 205
This transcription has been completed. Contact us with corrections.
4 CIVIL AIR REGULATIONS control zone is centered, may secure continuing permission from air traffic control to conduct operations when the visibility is less than 3 miles: Provided, That such operations, at all times, remain 2,000 feet horizontally and 500 feet vertically from clouds, and traffic patterns are established and observed which avoid conflict with other operations. When outside of control zones and at an altitude of less than 700 feet above the surface, helicopters are permitted to fly when the flight visibility is less than one mile because of their special flight characteristics which allow them to proceed at low speed with safety. 60.32 Cruising altitudes. When an aircraft is operated in level cruising flight at 3,000 feet or more above the surface, the following cruising altitudes shall be observed, (a) Within control zones and control areas. At an odd or even thousand-foot altitude appropriate to the direction of flight as specified by the Administrator; (b) Elsewhere. When the flight visibility is less than 3 miles, at an altitude appropriate to the magnetic course being flown as follows: (1) 0^o to 89^o inclusive, at odd thousands (3,000; 5,000; etc.). (2) 90^o to 179^o inclusive, at odd thousands plus 500 (3,500; 5,500; etc.). (3) 180^o to 269^o inclusive, at even thousands (4,000; 6,000; etc.). (4) 270^o to 359^o inclusive, at even thousands plus 500 (4,500; 6,500; etc.). Note: "Odd and even" thousand-foot altitudes specified by the Administrator for civil airways will be published in the CAA Flight Information MAnual, for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. In view of increasing air traffic and the broad range of speed of aircraft, safety requires observance of the above cruising altitudes. 60.33 VFR flight plan. If a VFR flight plan is filed, it shall contain such of the information listed in 60.41 as air traffic control may require. Note: Although flight plans are not required for VFR flight, air traffic control will accept such flight plans when desired by the pilot. Flights proceeding over sparsely populated areas or mountainous terrain may thus take advantage of any search and rescue facilities which may be available in emergencies. The information contained in such a flight plan is of importance to search and rescue operations. Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) 60.40 Application. WHen aircraft are not flown in accordance with the distance-from-cloud and visibility rules prescribed in the visual flight rules, 60.30-60.33, aircraft shall be flown in accordance with the rules prescribed in 60.41-60.49. 60.41 IFR flight plan. Prior to take-off from a point within a control zone or prior to entering a control area or control zone, a flight plan shall be filed with air traffic control. Such flight plan shall contain the following information unless otherwise authorized by air traffic control: (a) Aircraft identification, and if necessary, radio call sign; (b) Type of aircraft: or, in the case of a formation flight, the types and number of aircraft involved; (c) Full name, address, and nu,ber of pilot certificate of pilot in command of the aircraft, or of the flight commander if a formation flight is involved; (d) Point of departure; (e) Cruising altitude, or altitudes, and the route to be followed; (f) Point of first intended landing; (g) Proposed true air speed at cruising altitude; (h) Radio transmitting and receiving frequencies to be used; (i) Proposed time of departure; (j) Estimated elapsed time until arrival over the point of first intended landing; (k) Alternate airport or airports, in accordance with the requirements of 60.42; (l) Amount of fuel on board expressed in hours; (m) Any other information which the pilot in command of the aircraft, or air traffic control, deems necessary for air traffic control purposes; (n) For international flights: The number of persons on board. 60.42 Alternate airport. An airport shall not be listed in the flight plan as an alternate airport unless current weather reports and forecasts show a trend indicating that the ceiling and visibility at such airport will be at or above the following minimums at the time of arrival: (a) Airport served by radio directional facility.Ceiling 1,000 feet, visibility one mile; or ceiling 900 feet, visibility 1 1/2 miles; or, ceiling 800 feet, visibility 2 miles; (b) Airport not seved by radio directional facility. Ceiling 1,000 feet with broken clouds or better, visibility 2 miles; (c) Minimums at individual airports. The Administrator may, in the interest of safety, prescribe higher ceiling and visibility minimums at individual airports than required by paragraph (a) or (b) of this section; and for individual operations at particular airports, may specify lower minimums if he shall find that such reduced minimums will not decrease safety. Note: The minimums set forth in 60.42 are required for clearance prior to take-off and are not intended to limit use of any alternate airport if weather conditions change while en route, in which event the published landing minimums shall apply. Minimums for particular airports which may be prescribed by the Administrator will be published by the Administrator will be published in Parts 609 and 610 of this title, and also may be found in the approach and Landing Charts of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and in the Airman's Guide. 60.43 Air traffic clearance. Prior to take-off from a point within a control zone, or prior to entering a control area or control zone, an airtraffic clearance shall be obtained from air traffic control. 60.44 Cruising altitudes. Aircraft shall be flown at the following cruising altitudes: (a) within control areas and control zones. At altitudes authorized by air traffic control; (b) Elsewhere. At an altitude appropriate to the magnetic course being flown as follows: (1) 0^o to 89^o inclusive at odd thousands (1,000; 3,000; etc.). (2) 90^o to 179^o inclusive, at odd thousands plus 500 (1,500; 3,500; etc.). (3) 180^o to 269^o inclusive, at even thousands (2,000; 4,000; etc.). (4) 270^o to 359^o inclusive, at even thousands plus 500 (2,500; 4,500; etc.). Note: The above cruising altitudes are not in conflict with those required for flight under VFR rules. 60.45 Course to be flown on civil airways. Aircraft operating along civil airways shall be flown as follows unless otherwise authorized by Air Traffic Control: (a) Along a low/medium frequency airway, aircraft shall be flown to the right of the center line of such airway. (b) Along a VOR airway, aircraft shall be flown on a radial designated as forming the center line of such airway. 60.46 Instrument approach procedure. When instrument let-down to an airport is necessary, a standard instrument approach procedure prescribed for that airport by the Administrator shall be used, unless: (a) A different instrument approach procedure specifically authorized by the Administrator is used, or (b) A different instrument approach procedure is authorized by air traffic control for the particular approach, provided such authorization is issued in accordance with procedures approved by the Administrator. Note: Standard instrument approach procedures prescribed by the Administrator are published in Parts 609 and 610 of this title, and also may be found in the Approach and landing Charts and Radio Facility Charts of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and in the Airman's Guide. Such procedures ahve been carefully invesigated with respect to pattern and terrain clearance. Safety would not permit serval aircraft to make simultaneous use of more than one instrument approach procedure unless such operations were controlled. 60.47 Radio communications. Within control zones and control areas the pilot in command of the aircraft shall ensure that a continuous watch is maintained on the appropriate radio frequencies and shall report by radio as soon as possible the time and altitude if passing each designated reporting point, or the reporting points specified by air traffic control, together with weather conditions which have not been forecast, and other information pertinent to the safety of flight. Note:Designated reporting points are noted in publications of aids to air navigation. control of air traffic is predicated on knowledge of the position of aircraft in flight. The reporting of unanticipated weather encountered en route such as icing or extreme turbulence may be of importance to the safety of other aircraft anticipating flight within the area.
