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46  NATIONAL AVIATION GOALS-PROJECT HORIZON

and development. This group should have the advice and counsel of an advisory board composed of leading aeronautical scientists from outside the Government.
2. The group should be headed by a qualified aeronautical scientist, rather than an engineer, with the rank of operating director within the NASA organizational framework.
3. NASA should emphasize its in-house applied research effort, with the bulk of essentially development work being carried out by private industry.
4. The work of the Bureau of Research and Development within the FAA should be reoriented in accordance with changing requirements and technology in air traffic control and related systems.
5. NASA should also continuously monitor the basic research sponsored by the Department of Defense and other Government agencies particularly that being undertaken in support of the missile, space, and electronic technologies, to assure that aeronautical technology derives maximum benefit from the results of such research.

Civil-Military Relations

Explicit in the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 is the relationship between civil aviation and the present and future requirements of national defense. This relates to the joint use of airspace and aviation facilities the carriage of Government air traffic, and the creation and maintenance of a civil aviation industry which is responsive to the needs of the military in times of emergency. 
In the last few years a major, and generally successful effort, has been made to reduce the size and number of closed and restricted areas utilized by the military for training, testing and other purposes. The factors to be considered include the urgency of the military requirement, the availability and costs of alternate locations for the military activity, the effect on the efficiency and safety of civil and non-participating military aviation, and the demonstrated ability of the FAA to provide suitable substitute environments. There is little evidence that the efforts of the FAA to unfreeze airspace reservations