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assuming varying degrees of reductions in average speed for specific segments of each route. The new central terminal location at Newark Airport added slightly over three miles to future trip lengths used in computing 1975 travel times from Manhattan to that airport.

Transfer Times

The use of two modes of transportation to reach an airport requires an enroute transfer. Transfer times must be added to basic travel times when appropriate. For instance, the use of an airport bus between Kennedy and Newark requires two enroute transfers. Transfer times include a minimum of one minute to accomplish the transfer, depending upon the physical configuration of the interchange point. An example would be the trip via PATH and cab from 33rd Street to Newark Airport. One minute is assumed for an across-the-platform transfer at Journal Square. Up to six minutes is assumed for descending several levels at Newark and transferring from PATH to a cab. No check-in time is included at the airport. This applies to individual flight services at Kennedy, to the frequent, all airline bus services to LaGuardia and Newark, and to auto and taxi trips to all three airports.

In addition, a headway adjustment is added for transfers involving the New York City subways or PATH. Thus, trains on an 8 minute headway would require the passenger to wait at the platform for an average of four minutes after his arrival. The most involved transfers are for bus trips between Newark Airport and either Kennedy or LaGuardia. Here, the air traveler must allow time to arrive at one airline terminal, collect his luggage, and take it to the crosstown airline bus platform. After traveling crosstown, he must take several minutes to check in at the other airlines terminal. This latter procedure is assumed to take 20 minutes in the peak hours and 15 minutes at other times. No transfer time is included for cabs or airport busses when these take the passenger directly from the passenger point of origin to the airport. Thus, the time for passengers to reach the East Side Airlines Terminal or the