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Quillayute, and Makah reservations. 9. Makah olive shell necklace. 10. modern Haida paddles 11. designer adaptations of Chilkat blanket and Haida bear totem 12. cedar bark shopping basket 13. carved horn spoon, probably S. E. Alaska 14. wood potlatch ladle, canoe bailer, spoon 15. old Yakima bead work 16 old raven dance rattle 17. modern whale dance rattles


the raven, and the killer whale


With the Cascades and Coast mountains as natural barriers, the cultures of the coastal and interior Indians developed along different lines, their art and crafts seemingly unrelated.

Tribes occupying the islands and deeply incised coastline of British Columbia, primarily the Haida, Tsimshian, Kwakiutl, and Bella Coola, worked almost entirely with wood. Using the abundant cedar and alder, they carved canoes and totem poles, and shaped storage boxes and cooking vessels as well as the dramatic shaman's masks. The towering totem poles for which they are so justly famous developed after the advent of the white man and his introduction of steel-bitted tools.

This highly developed primitive art style influenced the forms used by wood carvers along the Washington and Oregon coasts. You see echoes of Haida and Kwakiutl designs in the dance masks and rattles of the Makahs and the Nootkas. Most of these coastal tribes were fishermen and seamen. The Makahs, rated among the best canoemen in North America, honed mussel shells into harpoon tips and pursued the migrating whale.

It's almost impossible to generalize about the plateau Indians. Nomads, warriors, and hunters, they tanned deer hide for clothing. Their women wove sturdy baskets from bear grass. They used black-tipped eagle feathers and bags of Indian hemp, often embroidered with porcupine quills, for personal ornamentation. The beaded buckskins we so often associate with

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