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50 U. S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS AUTHORTIY Many students are subconsciously subject to tension when the air is rough. Asked if such a feeling exists they will deny it and believe they are telling the truth. However, a few minutes of flight in rough air, with hands and feet of both the student and the instructor off the controls, while the instructor displays the utmost indifference, will convince such a student's subconscious mind that there is really no excuse for the "self-preservation instinct", and relaxation will result. Needless to say, this should not be done in an unstable craft. It should be done at a fairly low altitude as this heightens the effect and the result of the nonchalance of the instructor. The completion of these maneuvers will result in a much more confident and relaxed student, and should also result in fixing in the mind of the student the following rule: When in Doubt, Release All Controls and Trust the Airplane. This is not only a primary safety rule for students, but its application will allow the student to regain his composure and use his head in applying what knowledge he does possess. Remember that if these demonstrations are given without warning or preliminary explanation, and without the proper simultaneous comment, their value is lost, and worse, the student may be given a fright, the results of which may not be eradicated even by many hours of hard labor. If they are done in a mechanical fashion they only result in confusion, and very frequently disgust, on the part of the student, since he will see no value or practical use of such gyrations. With some students, it may be valuable to demonstrate the overlapping functions of the controls. Care must be taken that the students understands that such demonstrations are merely for the purpose of showing the effects of the controls that may be valuable in case of necessity and are not a demonstration of their normal functions. As such, these demonstrations will prove a valuable confidence builder: 1. Trim the ship for level flight at cruising throttle and, from level flight, execute and recover from medium banks with the rudder alone (hands off the stick). Care should be taken to avoid excessive skidding during this demonstration. 2. Execute and recover from steeper banks with the rudder and the addition of the stabilizer control instead of the elevators. These should not approach the vertical since it would require too much use of the stabilizer and necessitate more power as well. 3. With feet off the rudder, execute and recover from banks without the use of the rudder. Avoid excessive slipping. 4. Fly the ship straight and level in climbs and glides of different degrees by use of the rudder, stabilizer, and throttle with hands off the stick, demonstrating the relationship of the throttle settings to the stabilizer settings. 5. Demonstrate how a landing can be made with throttle and stabilizer alone. This demonstration should be made not on the ground but at a sufficient altitude to recover from the resulting stall. Point out the rapid action of the nose in coming up as a result of a sharp blast of the throttle in a glide with stabilizer set nearly full or full tail heavy.