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64                        U.S AERONAUTICS AUTHORITY 
 
relatively slow and more attention can be directed to the "feel of the controls." The practice of the maneuvers also keeps the student's range of visibility constantly changing and allows time for the developing the practice of looking for other aircraft. It also permits and emphasized the further development of the ability to hold an even, constant turn with a semblance of ease. 
 For the sake of economy and efficiency, instruction in the maneuvers should be combined with instructions in glides. This will help break any monotony of the exercise and also afford a means for dissipating the altitude gained. As gliding experience is gained, instruction in gliding turns may be added. 
 The sequence should be: Climbing turns right and left, straight flight for a short period, straight glides, then more climbing turns, and finally gliding turns right and left. When a fair degree of proficiency is attained, the student should be madero go from a climbing turn directly into a gliding turn, without straight flight and glide period of transition, and from the gliding turn directly into a climbing turn. Practice of the last will develop a high degree coordination of all controls, including the throttle, very rapidly. 
 Prior to being given climbing turns the student should, of course, have the following important factors explained to him: 
 1. That the same degree of climb cannot be maintained, with the same power, in a bank as in a straight climb due to the loss of lift and speed during a turn. 
 2. That the degree of bank should neither be too steep nor too shallow, during the initial instructions. Too steep a bank emphasized the effect mentions in (1) and gives too many factors to consider. If too shallow, the bank is too difficult to maintain for the reason that all gentle banks are difficult, i.e., the forces of inherent stability of the aircraft. 
 3. The necessity for maintaining a constant rate of climb, angle of climb, and angle of bank. 
 4. That the nose will be even more heavy than in a normal straight climb, due to the banked attitude of the ship, as in the case in all turns. 
 5. That, as in all maneuvers, after the first few attempts attentions should be diverted from the nose and divided among all things equally. 
 6. The importance of developing proficiency in turn to the right as well as to the left. 
 In entering the climb turn, the student should be instructed to assume a climb somewhat less than the "normal straight climb," since as stated in (1) above, some speed and lift are lost in all turns. The climb assumed should be even more conservative until practice and experience makes the maximum performance obtainable. 
 With the proper climb assumed, the student should then start a turn of the desired degree, being careful to use smooth control action and maintain the climbing angle. The nose should not be allowed to drop during the entering or recovering from the turn. Later, exercises should be given in going directly into a climbing turn from straight and level flight and recovering to straight and level flight directly form a climbing turn.