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FLIGHT INSTRUCTIONS MANUAL 85

flight, perfect the development of his senses as applied to flying, and perfect the substitution of trained reactions of those of the"self-preservation instincts.

Teh first phase only be discussed at this point, the second will be covered in the precision maneuvers to be perfected after solo.

In introducing spins, the airplane should be first taken to a safe altitude, never less than 3,000 feet, and completely stalled by pulling the stick straight back as the throttle is closed. The stick should be held as far back and as firmly in this position as possible. As the nose starts to fall, when the stall is complete, full rudder should e applied in the direction in which the spin is desired and held there as firmly as possible. The ailerons should not be used.

As the nose falls the ship starts into the spin, the student should have his attention again directed to the sensation he felt just prior to and during the entry. These should be analyzed and catalogued in the memory. If this is done, they will serve as efficient sentinels to warn the pilot approaching danger in the future. 

Kinesthetic sensitivity is built up, and the degree recognized, in much the same way that the degree of heat is recognized when the hand is moved closer and closer to a hot iron. The closer the hand, the greater the heat felt, and a sensitive person, moving his hand with relation to the iron can tell just about when a burn will result without actually looking to check the distance of the hand from the iron. Although the sensations are in no way related, this is an example of how the student's kinesthesia should be developed with regard to flying. This can be done efficiently only if they various factors aiding in this development are called to the student's attention as they happen and then forced into the memory by constant repetition until they are firmly and permanently fixed.

Care must be taken to completely stall the airplane, otherwise it may not spin and the only result will be a skidding spiral of increasing speed. If such a maneuver results, it is useless to continue it in the hope of eventually spinning. The only proper procedure in such an instance is to recover and start over from a proper stall. Many modern aircraft have to be forced to spin and require considerable judgment and technique to get them started. This judgment and technique is important since it demonstrates the presence or absence in the student of the "feel" of the spin. Paradoxical as it may seem, these same aircraft that have been forced to spin may be accidentally put into a spin by a student or pilot who has failed to develop this feel.

This fact is additional evidence of the necessity for the practice of stall and spins until this feel is developed. It is, of course, impossible to develop perfection in this, as in any other phase, prior to solo, but it is the ultimate to be expected of the student before he is graduated as a finished pilot. 

Recovery from a spin is exceedingly simple. When recovery is desired it is only necessary that the stick be relaxed to neutral and the rudder streamlined or returned to neutral. The spin will then stop and the ship will go into a dive of its own accord. As soon as sufficient speed is regained, the aircraft is eased out of the dive and the power reapplied as the nose is brought to level.