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(c) But even this is probably an understatement. One out of every six pilots who left service did so without having a job in view. Both they and those who were laid off by the air lines, together more than one-half of the separations, had periods of unemployment averaging several months, one out of 7 still being unemployed on October 1 of this year. 

One out of 3 of the separations get jobs in which the initial pay was lower than their last air line pay; and almost 60 per cent of these are still earning less (54 per cent of the co-pilots, 64 per cent of the first pilots), although, on the average, they have had these jobs for a year.

II. The High Rate of Pilot Occupational Disability is a Major Problem.

The concern of pilots about their long-term security is not by any means new. We began to think about retirement systems ten years ago and as long as 1939 I was instructed by the Association in Convention to formulate a comprehensive pilots retirement system. Substantial progress had been made when the outbreak of the war compelled us to lay that kind of activity aside. But the Association is again working toward the formulation of a retirement system.

The problem of the extra hazardous work in which pilots are engaged, and particularly the wearing effects of the occupation have been, naturally, subjects for discussion in connection with our negotiations with the air lines. The problem was brought to the attention of the Emergency Board, created by the President on May 7, 194, in connection with the dispute between the Association and T.W.A. At that time there were put into the record of the hearing