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effective champion. The federal government has failed again and again in its dealing with the Indians. In dealing with the various tribes in the past it has followed almost every conceivable policy and has made numerous mistakes. It followed the policy of extermination, forced migration, isolation, and then in apparent effort to make restitution came a policy of extreme paternalism. Time has proven that none of these policies were for the best interests of the Indians. What happened to the Indian, of course, almost everyone knows. Some resisted and were destroyed, other retired to the reservation and became bitter, while some compromised and came over to the way of life offered them by the white man. Today we have about 400,00 Indians in the United States and Alaska, most of whom are on some 50 reservations and in various stages of adjustment.

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     Some of our Indians are very rich. Most of them are very poor. Some are still living with very little change in the same manner that they lived 200 and 300 years ago. Some are technically trained and highly skilled, while others are still using their primitive methods of making a living. Non-Indians have pictured the Indians as everything good and noble and as everything bad and ugly.
     Notwithstanding more than 100 years of government supervision, the American Indian today presents one of our most pressing social and economic problems. The public should recognize the Indian's needs and the part he plays in our modern economy. The various states having Indian populations should act jointly with the Federal government and the Indians on items of common interest. there should be an exchange of information among those states in regard to Indian affairs, and it would be well for the states to cooperate with the National Congress, Federal and local governmental agencies and other organizations that are interested in the American Indian with a view to recommending proper legislation dealing with those various problems.
     One of the reasons the Indian problem is not nearer solution is that there has not been effective leadership among the Indians or such leadership has been negative and effective only in resisting the federal policy. Indian leadership should contribute to the formulation of federal policy. It should take the leading part in inquiring into

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