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TYPES of enamels 4 types made commercially 1- opaques 2- transparents 3- opalescents - incledes flux - transp. with milky effect 4-overglaze- for detail work, applied with either pen or brush, over a previously fix red surface Frit- unground state of enamels - fineness of enamels, in terms of the mesh through which particles of enamels will pass Overglazes- are actually, very fine dust - to use, must be suspended in some volatile oil such as oil of sassafras, oil of lavender, drop of pure turpentine - squeegee oil and volatile oil mixed with fine enamel, using palette knife.....till paste forms Materials for making flux (basis for all colored enamels) - Silica- enamel covered glass composed of sillicates - silica or sand is colorless when pure - presence of iron or lead oxide, colors glass slightly - Oxide of Lead - softness or hardness of enamels determined by amount of oxide of lead present - higher content, softer enamel - softer enamel scratches easily - Borax(or borate of sodium) - also creates softness - enables enamel to unite more easily with oxides of different metals which give enamels their color -too much borax makes enamel lose elasticity -Potash and Soda (both alkalis) - potash makes enamel bright, shiny - soda gives enamel elasticity - Alkaline Earths - as lime, magnesia, lead