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costuming & makeup became separated 
The term "August" comes from a German comic strip. Kind of (Cf. Charlie Chaplin film a dummkopf character or "fall guy"

** Classic European-type routine. lost dollar bill. Can look very different depending on the duo presenting it. Key to clowning is to keep things simple and clean.

* European clown routines entered U.S. through burlesque. (Not the "girlie show" but with duos like Abbott & Costello.) Essentially, a parody of conventional entertainment.

* Henry Miller: "We [clowns] create nothing we just borrow and reuse."

* Steve Smith: Clowns make it up as they go along. "Home is where you hang your hat--and your heart."

** Another classic routine: two or more people, with each trying to walk exactly like the person in front of them. We each have a walk we are attached to, but are seldom aware of it. Idea: try to become the other person.

** NOTE: Physical comedy is not stage combat. It should be understood that no one is really going to get hurt! (Cf. "Roadrunner" cartoons: Wile E. Coyote doesn't fall until he looks down.) 

** Another classic routine: Taking a slap (that doesn't end). 
Connecting w/ audience is [[strikethrough]] necessary [[/strikethrough]] what clowns try to do