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[[underlined]] Preface. [[/underlined]]   v.

sible, the noted illustrator Mr. Benson B. Moore, of Washington, has drawn directly from our negatives, accurate and faithful pen-and-ink sketches, reproduced in the following pages as text-figures. He has also prepared, from my own rough draughts, nearly all of those maps, plans, and diagrams to which this report owes so much of whatever value it may possess. To both these gentlemen I wish to express my sincere appreciation of their efforts.
   Lastly to my wife, Mrs. Daisy Furscott Bishop, my companion in China and my willing and highly competent helper since our return to the United States, I should like to make my very special acknowledgments, particularly for her unremitting care in cataloguing, preserving, and making readily accessible my field-notes, letters, and records of all kinds, without which this report could never have been written.

   [[underlined]] NOTE: [[/underlined]] Just what were those basic elements out of which grew all the great civilizations of antiquity (see page ii of this Preface), and what were their relative dates and order of appearance from end to end of the north temperate zone of the Old World, I have discussed in a paper "The Beginnings of Civilization in the Far East".
   This paper I first presented before the American Oriental Society at its annual meeting held at Baltimore in April, 1939; and it was later printed by the same Society, as part of Supplement No. 4 of its [[underlined]] Journal [[/underlined]] (widely known as the "JAOS"). It has since been reprinted, [[underlined]] in extenso [[/underlined]], both in the British quarterly [[underlined]] Antiquity [[/underlined]], in its issue for September of the following year, and again in the Smithsonian Institution's [[underlined]] Annual Report for 1940. [[/underlined]]
               Carl Whiting Bishhop.
Freer Gallery of Art,
  Smithsonian Institution,
    Washington, D.C.