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[[underlined]] Chapter IX. [[/underlined]]  193.                  

mound. These finds, though scanty in range, yet suffice to give a fair idea of the type of culture which they represented.
  During the middle of the 1st millennium B.C. the region about the headwaters of the Huai River and including the vicinity of the present town of Yu Ho Chên was inhabited by the Huai Yi (or I)淮 夷, a people outside the Chinese culture-group and often hostile to it. Never fully subdued by the Chinese in a military sense (although they must have absorbed many elements of their civilization), they were finally conquered and annexed, late in the Chou period, by the great Yangtze valley kingdom of Ch'u.
     We know little of the culture of the Huai Yi during their period of independence; but certain things [[strikethrough]] things [[/strikethrough]] suggest that its closest modern analogues are to be found in parts of Indo-China and Indonesia. That like so many other Far Eastern peoples prior to their acquisition of rice, they grew millet under the [[underlined]] jhūm [[/underlined]] system of agriculture, [[superscript]] (178) [[/superscript]] we 
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[[superscript]] (178) [[/superscript]] By this method (often called by American ethnologists the [[underlined]] milpa [[/underlined]] system), plots of ground in the forest or jungle are cleared, usually with the aid of fire; they are then cultivated for a very few seasons, and after their fertility has become exhausted [[strikethrough]] , [[/strikethrough]] they are abandoned for new ones.
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may regard as certain. This most wasteful method of cultivation, as still practised (in the growing of "dry" or non-irrigated rice) by the Kayan people of Borneo, has been well described in the following words: [[superscript]] (179) [[/superscript]]
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 [[superscript]] (179) [[/superscript]] Charles Hose and William McDougall, The Pagan Tribes of Borneo, 2 vols., London, 1912; ref. to vol. I, page 101. 
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     "The fire...burns furiously for a few hours and then smoulders for some days, after which little of the timber remains but [[strikethrough]] a [[/strikethrough]] ^[[a]]shes and the charred stumps of the bigger trees...As soon as the ashes are cool, sowing begins. Men and women work together; the men go in front making holes with wooden dibbles about six inches apart;