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[[underlined]] APPENDIX II. [[/underlined]] 12. [[strikethrough]] ------------- [[/strikethrough]] [[strikethrough]] (34) [[/strikethrough]] [[strikethrough]] Cf. note 26, on page 10 of this Appendix [[/strikethrough]] [[strikethrough]] ----------------- [[/strikethrough]] steadily extended its borders to the east, at the expense of the natives, the Ching man. [[superscript]] (35) [[/superscript]] At length it subjugated most of their tribes eastward to --------------------- (35) Ch'u's expansion to the east and northeast was natural---in fact almost inevitable. It merely followed the line of least resistance; for on the north and west its way was blocked by already organized states, while movement toward the south would carry it farther and farther away from its great waterway, the Yangtze. --------------------- the Han River, and even pushed its raids for an uncertain distance still farther down the Yangtze. Early in the 7th century B.C. the reigning king of Ch'u transferred its capital downstream to Ying (see pp. 338 [[underlined]] sqq. [[/underlined]]), a town perhaps already in existence, situated within the confluence of the Yangtze and the Han (see page 336). There it remained for several centuries, during the greater part of the state's history. [[superscript]] (36) [[/superscript]] --------------------- (36) For reference to Ying see page 312-a and note 191 (of the text). It was at this Ying (for Ch'u gave the same name to each of its later capitals also) that Ch'u Chuang Wang (already mentioned; see pp. 53, 151, and 152 of the text) lived; and not far away is his reputed tomb. Great changes have occurred in the hydrography of the region during the historical period---mainly, it would seem, as a result of the extensive diking and draining operations that have gone on for century after century. It seems likely, however, that the main stream of the Han then entered the Yangtze near Ying, a few miles north of the present river-port of Shasi, rather than at Hankow, 300 miles further downstream (see pp. 334 [[underlined]] sq. [[/underlined]] of the text. --------------------- In the somewhat nebulous earlier part of its existence, Ch'u---exactly how, we do not know ---came to exert a loose control over most of the aboriginal groups along the Yangtze, right down to its mouth and the sea. It also engaged in protracted struggles with various northern states, especially with Chin (roughly the present province of Shansi, of which "Chin" is still the "literary" designation). These wars,