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[[underlined]] APPENDIX II. [[/underlined]] 15.
   
 Ch'u however soon reasserted itself, and especially after the over-throw and annexation of Wu by the latter's neighbor and deadly enemy, Yüeh (on the latter see [[underlined]] infra [[/underlined]], page 25 of this Appendix), in 473 B.C., pushed its conquests far to the north and northeast. It was during this period that it subjugated the "barbarians" of the Huai River valley---something that the Chinese proper had never been able to do; [[superscript]] (42) [[/superscript]] and in 249
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  (41)
  [[underlined]] Tso chuan [[/underlined]], XI, iv, 15. On a similar use of elephants in war by the Siamese in comparatively recent times, see Bowring, [[underlined]] Siam [/underlined]], I, 221. 
  Both the finding of actual skeletal remains on a Shang site in Honan and the mention on the Shang oracle bones of the capture (not killing) of elephants unite to suggest that these gigantic creatures, once abundant in China but now extinct there, were being caught and tamed there was far back as Shang times. The species was of course the Asiatic form, [[underline]] E. indicus s. maximus. [/underlined]]
For a general discussion (written before the Shang evidence had become available), see my paper, "The Elephant and its Ivory in Ancient China". in the JAOS, vol XLI (1921), pp.290-306. 
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(42)
Regarding the Huai Yi (or I), [[underlined]] cf. [/underlined]] pp. 192 [[underlined]] sq. [/underlined]] of the text. 
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B.C. it even took and destroyed Lu 魯, the native state of Confucius (in what is now the province of Shantung). A little prior to the last-mentioned date Ch'u, according to later but inherently probable statements, made an effort to annex the region about the present Yünnan Fu, in extreme western China---perhaps with a view to gaining control of the trade-route through Burma to India. [[superscript]] (43) [[/superscript]]
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(43)
    The general in command of the Ch'u expeditionary force, after subduing the region in question, is said to have found himself cut off from his distant base in Ch'u by the expansion of Ch'in, and therefore to have remained where he was and erected his new territorial acquisitions into a kingdom of his own, called Tien (see page 2 of this Appendix). 
     The account suggests that at that time (late 4th century B.C.) there was as yet no practicable land-route between the middle Yangtze valley and the distant west, and that therefore the expedition had had to ascend the great river through its Gorges and along its upper reaches 
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     On the northwest, meanwhile, Ch'u was undergoing incessant attacks from Ch'in. It found time, nevertheless, to wage a decisive war with 

Transcription Notes:
chinese charachters needed Added.