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[[underline]] APPENDIX II. [[/underline]]  
25.


     The [[underline]]Tung-chien kang-mu [[/underline]] 通鑑綱目, a work complied in the Sung Dynasty but perhaps here embodying a genuine and authentic tradition, states that after the overthrow of Wu, part of its royal family escaped to Japan, and there founded a stated called Wo 倭. [[superscript]] (66) [[/superscript]] In line with this
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     (66) The character for "Wo" is given a contemptuous sense by Chinese writers---that of "Land of Dwarfs"; but the Japanese employ it as the equivalent of their revered and ancient place-name, "Yamato".
       The two names Wu and Wo, though somewhat alike today, both in sound and in (English) transliteration, actually have nothing in common; for as will have been noted, they are written with quite different characters, and they had widely divergent pronunciations in  antiquity.
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assertion, the [[underline]] Shih chou chi [[/underline]] 十州記, or "Records of the Ten Isles" (ascribed to the 2nd century B.C. but in reality probably much later), tells us that "the customs of the inhabitants of Ying Chou 瀛州 [most likely western Japan, perhaps Kyushu] resemble those of Wu".  This similarity has often been noted in far later times also.

[[underline]]The State of Yüeh. [[/underline]]

     We now come to the last of the ancient Yangtze River states, that of Yüeh 越 , already mentioned more than once in the course of this sketch. [[superscript]] (67)  [[/superscript]]
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     (67) In the somewhat archaic Cantonese dialect, "Yüeh" is pronounced at "Yüt"; in Hakka, as "Yet"; in Sino-Annamite, as "Viet"; and in Japanese, as "Et(sŭ)". All this indicates that in its original form the name ended with the consonant "t".
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Yüeh has its nucleus in what is now northern Chekiang province---a region which today lies just outside the Yangtze drainage-area proper.  During the early historical period, however, one of the three mouths of that river seems to have flowed into Hangchow Bay (see note 51, on page 19 of this Appendix), and thus formed Yüeh's northeastern border.  Hence the old writers could say with truth that "Wu and Yüeh dwell by the same river", and we may legitimately include the last-named state with the others which sprang up in ancient times on the banks of the Yangtze.