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[[handwritten]][[circled]] 4 [[/circled]][[/handwritten]]

sound very much like Medium Hoarse Notes.  This would suggest that the two patterns are, in fact, closely related, perhaps even strictly homologous.  The shorter ”Chah” Notes sound somewhat intermediate between the other Hoarse Notes and the “Short Hostile Notes” of Green-backed Sparrows and some other finches and tanagers.  They may be related to both.  (This is not really surprising.  Even in the case of the Green-backed Sparrow, and in other species such as the Yellow-rumped Tanager. [[underlined]] Ramphocelus flammigerus icteronotus, [[/underline]] there are indications that Hoarse Notes and Short Hostile Notes are [[strikethrough]] related or [[/strikethrough]] linked to one another in some way.)  It is possible that all the “Chah” Notes of Streaked Saltators, although occurring in ambivalent situations, are purely hostile (as the Medium Hoarse Notes of Green-backed Sparrows seem to be).  The longer “Chah” Notes are not very different in sound from the Harsh Hoarse Notes.  They may be more aggressive than the shorter “Chah” Notes.  (The Short Hostile Notes of other species seem to be produced when the escape tendencies are at least slightly stronger than the attack tendencies.)  All or most of the “Chah” Notes may be lower intensity, produced by weaker motivation ^[[insertion]] [[handwritten]] ON THE AVERAGE, [[/handwritten]] [[/insertion]]  than the Harsh Hoarse Notes.

     Skutch ([[underline]] op. cit. [[/underline]]) Mentions “qua qua qua...” notes uttered by Costa Rican Streaked Saltators in flight.  These may be the same as, or closely related to, the notes called “Chah” above.

     During the breeding season, isolated and apparently single birds, presumably unmated males or males separated from their mates*, perform Dawn Calling early in the morning.  As in related species, the Dawn Calling takes the form of series of notes uttered at regular intervals.  The length of the series is indeterminate, ranging from very brief to very long (I heard one bird utter Dawn Calling notes almost without interruption for over an hour).  Most of the notes in the Dawn Calling of Streaked Saltators are clear in tone (but not whistling) and could be

     *It is usually impossible to distinguish between male and female saltators (of any species) by appearance alone in the field.