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altitude. The excess of sheep are sold for mutton. As a by-product there are the skins of these and of those that die from other causes. The sheep suffer from the attacks of foxes and condors. These are shot and a bonus paid on presentation of the dead animals. The labor comes from Indian families who are kept as tenants contributing a definite amount of time. The quality of the sheep is kept up by importing 50 rams from Argentina every third year. As there are no trees on the place (above timber line) timber must be purchased. The cheapest source of timber is old ties of Oregon fir bought from the railroad. The defective wood is removed leaving the sound interior. Poles are brought up from Tarma to be used as secondary posts between the larger ones of the Oregon fir. The principal fuel is peat from turf. The ranch makes its own lime from the native limestone using sheep manure as fuel. With the lime cement is made for walls and buildings.

  The next ranch visited was the Government Experiment Station at Chuquibambilla on the high plateau between Juliaca and Cuzco. The altitude here is about 13000 feet. There is a gradual rise from Juliaca to LaRaya and then the railroad descends to Cuzco (about 11500 feet). The plain or broad valley narrows to the summit at La Raya. The director of the station is Colonel Stordy, an Englishman. The ranch contains 18000 acres upon which there are now 15000 head of sheep. The native sheep are being improved and the stock built up by means of imported European (English, Scotch, and French) rams. The equipment is modern, including a good cement dipping tank. The grass