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Tangara, Dec. 15, 1957, I

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Essentially repeated alternations of CN's (or similar notes) and a perfectly mechanical Trill (Tr) which may have been a form of "song".

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The CN - blue notes were uttered in series. Usually a definite interval between notes; but sometimes slightly accelerated. I think that these may have been the same as the CN's I have heard uttered by birds at greater distances; but, at least close up like this, they sounded particularly harsh & loud (but not hoarse or nasal). Uttered from completely unritualized posture, bill opening & closing with each note, some slight TF & WF (both synchronized with the notes and between notes).

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The Trs with which these notes were alternated were also given from completely unritualized postures, more or less forward - unchanged, like the postures from which the Thraupis Tanagers give their "Songs." Bill kept open throughout the whole Tr.

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This Tr seemed much less harsh than the preceding CN's. And there was absolutely no intergradation between the 2 vocal performances. They were quite rigidly separated in both rhythm & quality.

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I can't really say what the cause of these performances was; but I imagine they were more or less hostile; provoked by me or (more probably) the birds in the aviary.

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The unritualized posture accompanying the Tr may be taken as further evidence of the relationship between Thraupis & Tangara

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Although, in the normal course of events in a mixed flock, it is usually the Blue and Palm Tanagers who follow the Plains, I have

Transcription Notes:
No indentations needed. I fixed that.