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that I should direct attention to the natural instincts and propensities of the Indians, their mode of life, their customs, their habits in order that we may distinguish the vast difference between a savage Indian and a subject of a civilized state.

 We may believe Longfellow when he says
"Every human heart is human,
 That even in savage bosoms-
 There are longing, yearnings, strivings
 For the good they  comprehend not"- and yet not ^[[fail to]] recognize the broad gulf that separates an American citizen from an American Indian

 "Civilization is a term which covers several states of society, but [[strikethrough]] of [[/strikethrough]] in all its applications it is limited to a state of society above that existing among the Indians. It implies an improved and progressive condition  of the people, being under an organized government with systematized labor, individual ownership of the soil, individual accumulation of property, human and somewhat cultivated manners and customs, the institution of the family with well defined and respective domestic and social relations, institutions of learning and intellectual activity.

   We know historically that the North American Indians are classed as savage and not as civilized people; and in fact it is as problematical whether