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11.

doubt of late origin which invaded the older cultural stratum only as far as it was cut open for the burial. It so happened that the latter flood did not succeed to undercut the neighboring region by a side thrust which could have taken place. The vertical contact here is very clear. The formation of the two different stratifications side by side and in striking contrast with each other present to us the definite sequence of what has been done by nature and man in this particular spot, and incidentally illustrating how surface changes, perchance, might be recorded. It certainly shows that if surface layer of this site is elsewhere so thin and meagre, it is not because that nature has been sparing.
  The vertical contact is indeed a unique one, as it has not been found anywhere else, althou many burials were uncovered. Not only could the later floods have undercut the otherwise undisturbed cultural strata, but by levelling and accumulating, digging wells and curiou, the cultural soils were turned over, or migrated and constantly found themselves in company with things two or three thousand their junior.
  But before we inquire into the causes of the disturbance of the cultural stratum, let us study the conditions in which the cultural stratum was originated. There are definite proofs to show that it was originated by a big flood, which was probably also the reason for the abandonment of the site. In the northern diggings, where the cultural stratum is superficially exposed, boulders weighing over twenty pounds were found deeply embedded in the grey layer. In all the diggings, sand and gravels were found to be important elements in the formation of the cultural soil. Attention has already been called to the distribution of the various artifacts in S2 and S2Bn, where bones were found to be more abundant above while potshards more below. Such re-