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                         2.
the 2-meters contour map surveyed in the spring can no longer represent the changed topogrpahy accurately. Such, as we needed, had to be surveyed again. When we started the work of the season, all agreed that this should be the first piece of work to carry out. So a 1/2-meter contour map was again surveyed of the place north of the village of Hsiao-t'un, by Chang Wei-jen, surveyor of the party. The place covered by this survey is much smaller, but more details are given, as a smaller contour interval was adopted. The trenchings of this season are all given in maps:
The surface conditions north of the village of Hsiao-t'un shows continuous undulations from east to west. But above the bank of the river, the difference between the highest point and the lowest does not exceed four meters. Directly north of the village, there is a ditch running from the village northward, which gathers all the superfluous water that occasionally deposit in the village, and lead it to the Huan River. So on the track of the ditch, it is gradually lowered down northward. East of the ditch, the ground gradually raises towards the bank; the highest point is to be located on sand hill, which, calculated with reference ot the railway elevation, kept in the An-yang station, is 97 1/2 meters above the sea level. The digging of this season is almost entirely concentrated in this region. West of the ditch and near the bank of the river it undulates about three times towards Ssu-p'an-mo Village (四盤磨村）; the highest three points are about on the same level. Such undulations as we have observed are partly due to human effort and can be explained. That the ditch directly north of the village was artificially perfected is almost out of question. The ground level at Hsiao-t'un is about three to four meters lower than the highest point in the north. If it were not for the ditch, any rainstorm would cause a flood within the village.