Browse Projects
Charles Lang Freer Papers, Art vouchers, 1906-1907
Charles Lang Freer's vouchers for art purchases in 1906 and 1907.
Browse projects by Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
Charles Lang Freer Papers, Correspondence: Pang, Yuan-chi (Pang Yuanji; 龐元濟), 1912-1919
Correspondence between Charles Lang Freer and Pang, Yuan-chi (Pang Yuanji; 龐元濟).
Browse projects by Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
Charles Lang Freer Papers, Correspondence: Rathbun, Richard, 1906-1919
Correspondence between Charles Lang Freer and Richard Rathbun.
Browse projects by Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
Charles Lang Freer Papers, Letterpress book. Volume 26, 1908 December 3 - 1909 March 10
Charles Lang Freer and his household employees used letterpress printing to create duplicate copies of outgoing correspondence from his Detroit home, between 1892 and 1910. These copies were subsequently bound in 30 volumes, their contents organized chronologically.
Browse projects by Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
Face-to-Face: Domingo Ghirardelli portrait
As part of the National Portrait Gallery's education program "Face-to-Face," Ann Shumard, curator of photographs at NPG, discusses Domingo Ghirardelli (of chocolate fame). A confectioner from Italy, Domingo Ghirardelli established himself as a chocolate merchant in Lima, Peru, before immigrating to California in 1849. Unsuccessful as a miner, Ghirardelli returned to the confectioner's trade shortly thereafter, opening his first shop in Stockton, California. Ghirardelli's business selling chocolate, coffee, and dried fruit was profitable, leading him to open a second store in San Francisco. Although a fire destroyed this establishment in 1851, he rebuilt. Ghirardelli was one of only two chocolate manufacturers in the United States before the Civil War, and his product dominated the western market. By the 1880s he was importing more than 450,000 pounds of cocoa beans a year. The photographer of this carte-de-visite portrait was George H. Johnson, who--like Ghirardelli--relocated to California during the gold rush. He also failed as a prospector, but earned a reputation for opening one of the first photography studios in San Francisco. Recorded at NPG, October 22, 2009. Image info: Domingo Ghirardelli / George H. Johnson / Albumen silver print, 1860 / National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; gift of Sidney S. Lawrence III, in memory of Polly Ghirardelli Lawrence. Face-to-Face talk currently located on the National Portrait Gallery's iTunesU page. ["Domingo Ghirardelli" by George H. Johnson. NPG.2000.12]