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measures and actual processes of the various industrial departments of the school.  A list of 200 problems, printed a few years ago, was compiled by a committee of teache s from data gathered in all the school departments.  This is constantly being added to by the teachers of each room, and applied to their own work.  Special effort is made to deal always with things and life processes--not mere words and rules.  An industrial school like Carlisle is rich in materia and opportunity for concrete work in this subject.

The pupil's work causes him to realize the necessity for arithmetic and furnishes the point of contact readily.

All students learn to write simple bills and receipts and to trade farm produce for articles bought at the store.  Many of our students leave Carlisle at the end of the 7th grade.  We aim, therefore to give each student who finishes the 7th grade such practical knowledge of Arithmetic that he is able to keep his own accounts, put out money at interest, compute correctly a sale of live stock or farm products; carpet his floors and paint his house, and all other simple business propositions incident to a small family living in the country.

Elementary Science

NATURE STUDY.--The Indian knows nature well but he needs to know how to express his knowledge and turn it to some practical use.

Nature study furnishes the subject for most of our reading and language material in the lower grades.  The plant and animal life of the locality is studied.  Pupils are led from that to some of the important products of their own home sections.  We aim to cultivate close observation, accurate expression and to give pupils a good foundation for later work in geography and agriculture.

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GEOGRAPHY.--We begin with local enviroment.  Many field excursions bring out the forms of land and water and work of water on the soil.  The 5th and 6th grades take up the study of United States geography and a brief notice of North and South America.  Particular attention is paid to the student's home section and home state.  We have pupils from every section of our country except the south and southeast.  This makes the work very interesting to the class as a whole.  The students from the north and west can tell from actual experience some facts about their own country.

The 7th grade takes up in a very brief study the continents of Europe, Asia and Africa and reviews the geography of the United States.  The chief fact brought out in the study of these continents is the position with reference to the United States; the climate, people, chief industries and articles of trade and a few of the most noted cities.  We aim to simply give the pupil a glimpse of the great world outside his reservation so that he can read the newspaper with some degree of interest and intelligence.  By comparing our country with others he learns to appreciate and love his own United States.

Physiology and Hygiene

In the lower grades the work is chiefly oral; talks by the teachers on the care of the body, the necessity of keeping clean and taking exercise, etc.  In the upper grades a brief study is made of the organs of the body with a view to a better understanding of the great care needed to keep these organs in proper working order.  By simple experiments and practical demonstrations the student is taught the value and necessity of proper ventilation and pure air, cleanliness of person, house and surroundings, good food and proper exercise.

In the upper grades emphasis is placed on such topics as the care of the sick, simple home remedies, first aid to the injured and nature and measures of prevention of some of the diseases to which Indians are

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