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September 1955     27

standard dwellings (rather than the temporary structures put up during World War II) be constructed in the event of another emergency.

The architect was a moderator of the panel meeting of the Architectural League in November 1953, which discussed "legal obscurantism" in public housing and the need for "neighborhood conservation" (New York Times, November 27, 1953). In his post as chairman of the committee on housing of the New York chapter of the American Institute of Architects, Callender is aiding in a study of what can be done to stem the deterioration of New York City areas.

Callender is the author of a number of articles and book reviews. He prepared Building Types Study Number 181 on "Apartment Houses" and Number 186 on "Houses," which appeared in the December 1951 and May 1952 issues, respectively, of Architectural Record. His pamphlet entitled Introduction to Studies of Family Planning (John B. Pierce Foundation, 1944) is the report of a research study on how to improve building materials and methods of construction in order to reduce the cost of housing. Photographs of his architectural work have appeared in such magazines as Architectural Forum, House & Garden, Life, and McCall's.

Commenting on Callender's book Before You Buy a House, the reviewer for the Christian Science Monitor (July 10, 1953) observed that the author "has not included one traditional type of home in the 100 or so pages of home patterns and floor plans," but stated that the book "provides the reader with a basic understanding of what his future house should contain without promising to convert the amateur into an expert."

Among the factors which Callender discussed, to aid prospective house buyers, is orientation, "a new word for a very old fact - one that man has understood and applied since the Stone Age when he discovered that a cave, protected from the cold winds and where the sun could shine in at the entrance, made a comfortable home." He suggests that architects can assist in designing houses so that the principal rooms will be exposed to the sun in the winter and to the prevailing breeze in the summer. He also discusses the greatly increased use of large picture windows and glass walls from floor to floor. "But nobody wants to live in a fishbowl," he wrote. "If you have the glass heavily curtained in order to protect your privacy, then you lose all of the advantage of having it. Privacy, like orientation, is frequently neglected by builders." He pointed out that residential streets are deliberately curved in order to cut down the speed of traffic and to discourage through traffic from using them. The result is greater safety and less noise. He contends that antique houses are rarely, if ever, good buys, as houses to live in.

Callender married Mary Carnwath in 1933, and they have one daughter, Janet. He is five feet ten inches tall, weighs 165 pounds, and has brown eyes and gray hair. His "hobby" is an old house in Chestnut Hill, Connecticut, which he says "takes all" his time "to keep up with."

References

Christian Sci Mon p11 J1 10 '53

CAMPNEY, RALPH OSBORNE June 6, 1984- Canadian Minister of Defense

Address: b. Ministry of Defense, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; h. 265 Daly Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 4629 W. 2d Ave., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

As Canadian Minister of Defense, Ralph Osborne Campney, Queen's Counsel and Member of Parliament, directs his country's defense commitments to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) as well as Canada's policies of mutual aid with the United States and Great Britain. He was named to this post in July 1954 by Prime Minister Louis S. St. Laurent. The Vancouver News-Herald, while admittedly taking pride in its own citizen, noted that "it shared with the rest of the nation the confidence that he will measure up in every way to the demands of his high office."

Campney was trained in history, economics, and the law, and he has shown himself to be a skillful director of several large business corporations. A member of Parliament since 1949, Campney worked closely with the former Minister of Defense, the Honorable Brooke Claxton, as parliamentary assistant and as associate minister. Campney was also solicitor general of Canada from 1952 to 1954.

Ralph Osborne Campney was born on June 6, 1894, on a farm near Picton, Ontario, the son of Frank and Mary Emily (Cronk) Campney. He studied at the rural school and at Picton Collegiate, where he won medals for his oratorical ability and for rapid calculation. Following his graduation in 1910, young Campney taught school for several years.

He enrolled at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario in 1914 as a student of medicine, but his academic training was interrupted by World War I. Campney enlisted as a private with the No. 5 Stationary Hospital (Queen's), and served at a base hospital in Egypt during the Dardanelles campaign, and in France during the Battle of the Somme. Switching to the infantry in 1917, after two years with the medical corps, Campney, commissioned an officer, was stationed with the 19th Canadian Infantry Battalion, fighting in France and Belgium. Wounded at Passchendaele, he was sent back to England for convalescence, but soon joined the Royal Flying Corps, with which he served until the Armistice.

Upon his return from the service in 1919, he studied history and political science at Queen's University, and was graduated two years later with the B.A. degree. He was awarded the Gowan prize and scholarship in colonial history. In his senior year, he was elected president of the Alma Mater Society and chairman of the athletic board, and earned a letter for collegiate debate.

He subsequently studied law at Osgoode Hall, Toronto, where he accumulated more scholastic honors, but also incurred the displeasure of the faculty for founding the Gladstone Club, the first political organization on the campus.

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