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-112- incentives, and 3) curriculum materials development. These categories presuppose collaborative work with schools and school systems in the design, development, and testing of materials and programs. Initiatives seek to move beyond the traditional role of museums in education to develop ways that Smithsonian resources can be applied across the curriculum to improve teaching and learning in areas that schools have identified as critical. Students, school faculty and administrators, locally and nationally, are recipients of these initiatives. *[[underline]]Undergraduate/Graduate Studies:[/underline]] Includes primarily fellowship and internship programs for students and scholars who wish to engage in research and study in fields that are actively pursued by the Smithsonian's museums and research components. Strengthening its work in the above three areas is one of the Smithsonian's primary goals, or "Areas of Emphasis,", for the next five years. Plans for meeting this goal include the following: *Update outmoded exhibitions to incorporate current knowledge and understanding and more effective interpretive methods. *Make it a practice to include professional educators, along with curators and designers on exhibition development teams. *Expand precollege programs to reach teachers and students more effectively, concentrating on helping to address in substantive and measurable ways specific needs that schools themselves have identified as critical. *Ensure that more exhibitions and programs are targeted to specific underserved audiences -- and that those audiences participate in the programs' conceptualization and planning. *Foster the development of collaborative initiatives, both within the Institution and between the Institution and outside organizations. *Mandate the use of both formal and informal evaluation in all major educational initiatives. The survey of educational programs at the Smithsonian will be released this fall. The results will be published, giving detailed examples reflecting the above elements. Some the programs that will be discussed in the survey include: [[bullet 1]] National Science Resource Center: Elementary Science Leadership Institutes designed to implement hands-on elementary science programs for school districts with broad diversity of student populations. [[bullet 2]] Office of Elementary and Secondary Education: 1.) A collaboration with two local D.C. Public Schools in affiliation with the Foxfire Foundation; and 2.) a national community-based program in collaboration with the National Faculty of Humanities, Arts, and Sciences.