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tal rudder; and eleven machines of 28 to 35 H.P. for preliminary hops and practice flights in a closed circle. In addition to the above, there are eleven high powered machines equipped with Gnome motors ranging in power from 50 to 100. These are for the use of trained flyers. 
6. The methods of instruction is as follows: After one or two passenger flights to familiarize him with the sensation, the pupil is placed in the "taxi", and practices running it back and forth across the field until he is capable of controlling its direction. He is then advanced to the 25 H.P. machine and allowed to make short, straight-a-way hops of about 100 yards in length at an altitude of from 6 to 10 feet. As the pupil gains confidence in himself, these are made longer and higher. At the same time, slight changes to the right and left are begun and gradually increased until he is capable of making full turns to the right and left. Practice flights in closed circuits at an altitude of from 50 to 300 feet are continued until he is deemed competent to take his "pilot test". This test is usually made on a machine of 35 H.P. Although the average man at this stage is only capable of flying the machine alone under the best conditions, his instruction is supposed to be complete. No further flights are allowed him on his original tuition fee. 
The Chief Instruction does not fly; his instructions to the pupil being limited to the explanation of the movements of the controls. As the average beginner does not understand the theory, he learns to fly in a mechanical manner.
This method of instruction naturally results in a great many accidents. Due to the fuselage construction, with motor and