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economiser.

b.- Carriage for hydrogen, not equipped with a water economiser.

15.  The principal aeronautical motors manufactured in France are Gnome, Renault, Le Rhone, and Salmson.

Gnome.- This factory is the largest in the world devoted exclusively to the manufacture of aeroplane motors.  It is equipped with special machinery for turning out the particular parts required; employs 700 men and has an output of 5 motors per day.  No castings are used, the parts being turned out from the solid metal, steel being used. Ball bearings are employed throughout. All motors are of the rotary type, being made in sizes of 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, 160 and 200 H.P. respectively. Manufacture of the 50 has practically been discontinued as it was found insufficient in power for the average machine of the present day. The Gnome is used universally more than any other in the world. The most popular types are the 60 H.P. of seven cylinders and the 80 H.P. of 9 cylinders. It has been found from experience that the types of over 100 H.P. are not so reliable as the best types of upright motors of the same power. A new type has been developed called the "mono-soupape", that is equipped with only one valve, the admission valve lacking. The variable lift of the exhaust valve enables a charge of pure air to be admitted during the downward stroke of the piston, thus further assisting the cooling of the engine. Another feature is the throttling facility as it is capable of being throttled to 200 revolutions per minute. It cannot fire back, and develops more horse-power than the catalog rating. The consumption of oil and petrol is greatly reduced, and increased power for weight obtained. Two types have been placed on the market, one of seven cylinders, 75 H.P., brake test 86 H.P., the other of nine cylinders 100 H.P., brake test 108 H.P.  This type is coming