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customs respecting foreigners had to be changed as they were made to, by force. Their inward psychology changed very little, however, and, with slight modifications, is the same today.

7. The United States did everything to help along this interesting country in its apparent attempts to emerge from barbarianism. The leading men of Japan saw full well what the obstructive tactics of the Chinese were bringing them to, and they knew that the small islands of Japan would be quickly gobbled up by the United States, or some other enterprising white power, unless decided changes took place and the country imbibed sufficient western civilization at least to make modern gun powder, guns and battleships.

8. In 1868, this sentiment had grown so strong that a revolution took place which put aside the old system of entire isolation and inaugurated a new one of learning the white man's methods, using them for their own protection and also in competition with him. The Japanese saw that the commercial competition of the white man was directed more and more towards securing the trade of Asia, which held more than half the population of the 

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