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least known and understood.
    Morale may be said to be discipline plus.Armies rest on discipline for their strength. Yet there are many disciplines in any army; the"intellectual discipline" that Marshal Foch demands of generals, is a thing quite transcending the rigid and passive discipline of the private soldier. The latter aims to secure obedience -- somewhat unwillingly given under the urgent call of self preservation -- in simple things; it is just a matter of the direction of movement, largely. But the former must go far beyond this. It must not secure obedience alone, but a complete submergence of will in the will of the supreme leader, nevertheless retaining an independent will that can overcome the many local obstacles to success. As we go from the private to the army commander, the nature of the discipline demanded changes more and more from the one sort to the other.
    The methods of obtaining discipline in the infantry are much the same the world over, taking into account certain national traits, and are the result of long experience. They are based on mass psychology. These methods have been applied blindly to the air forces, though certain conditions differ very widely from those encountered in the infantry. With the latter the fighting unit is the private. On his right and left are other privates, subjected to the same stresses, able to transmit their emotions to right and left,-- in short, discipline must cope with the mass and its reactions. There is both the advantage and disadvantage of example.

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