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Service of the 2nd Colonial Corps was entirely French. An American Army observation group had just formed; four (?) French squadrons were organized into another group for the army artillery. The 12 available American pursuit squadrons were utilized in 3 groups; 2 of them, with an additional French Pursuit Group and the American Day Bombardment Group, being formed into a Pursuit Wing. Fifteen American and 6 French balloon companies participated.

Despite handicaps of weather, the inexperience of newly organized American units, the organization and equipment and disposition of these heavy reinforcements, the staff was kept informed of developments practically hourly; the hostile air forces were beaten back whenever they could be attacked; and the rear areas were watched, photographed and bombed. The planes also participated in the battle on the grounds. 

Corps Observation. The 1st Corps Observation Group was made up of the 1st, 12th and 50th American squadrons (the 1st and 12th had Salmsons; the 50th the D.H.4-Liberty)and two French squadrons on 2 airdromes near Toul. This was the first appearance of the American made D.H.4 Liberty is an active engagement.