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hostile troops. The enemy pilots put forth every effort against the bombers who were forced to fly low and casualties were very heavy, not only with our Bombardment but with the French and British.

Night Bombing: While the days were rainy, foggy and windy, the nights were mostly clear and the Independent Force, R.A.F. made nightly expeditions to points on the railway lines used for bringing up reserves. The French Night Bombardment Group containing one Italian squadron, was used to attack sensitive points and concentration centers, and for watching the enemy movements by night, our own night reconnaissance not being able to operate.

The St. Mihiel Offensive had brought to the vicinity a strong enemy air force while the American Aviation began operations in the Argonne with a loss of 70% of the 700 French planes loaned for St. Mihiel and on an approximate equality with the enemy.

The difficulty of cooperation with the other arms and its extreme importance for decisive effects was now fully realized by the Air Service. To realize this power demanded education of the other arms in the possibilities of the air forces and the maintenance of the closest liaison.