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THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF AFRO-AMERICAN LIFE AND HISTORY, INC.

and Scientists

Association and, during World War II, aided the American Red Cross and was surgical consultant for the U.S. Army. Dr. Percy Julian, who was graduated from De Pauw University in 1920 and received his doctorate in chemistry at the University of Vienna, has made pioneer discoveries concerning uses of the soybean relative to vitamins and sex hormones.

Other distinguished Negroes in scientific fields include Dr. William A. Hinton, a clinical professor at the Harvard Medical School and originator of the Hinton test for syphilis; James A. Parsons, a metallurgical chemist; Julian H. Lewis, a pathologist; and Elmer S. Imes, a physicist. In 1921 the first Negro women to receive a doctor's degree in the United States were Georgiana Rosa Simpson, at the University of Chicago; Sadie T. Mosell, at the University of Pennsylvania; and Eva B. Dykes, at Radcliffe College.

In 1923 Charles S. Johnson founded the magazine Opportunity in which many young Negro writers and artists achieved first publication. Dr. Johnson has since become one of America's leading sociologists, the author of numerous books, a member of the United States National Commission to UNESCO in Paris and the recipient of six honorary degrees from leading universities at home and broad.

[[image - black & white photograph headshot of Dr. Charles Drew]]
[[caption]]A surgeon, Dr. Charles Drew became the first director of the American Red Cross blood bank.[[/caption]]

[[image - black & white profile photograph of Dr. Daniel Hale William]]
[[caption]]Dr. Daniel Hale Williams first successfully operated on a human heart.[[/caption]]

[[image - black & white profile photograph of E. Franklin Frazier]] 
[[caption]]E. Franklin Frazier, head of the department of sociology at Howard University.[[/caption]]

[[image - black & white photograph of a Charles S. Johnson]]
[[caption]]The first Negro president of Fisk University was Charles S. Johnson.[[/caption]]

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