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Wide Search Made For Fliers-While hope waned that the Pacific fliers, Lieutenant Charles P. T. Ulm, and his companions, George Littlejohn and J. Leon Skilling, would be found, 34 aircraft and 25 surface vessels continued searching the Pacific near the Hawaiian Islands. Above, Amelia Earheart, aviatrix, bids Ulm good luck at Oakland, Cal. 

Sea Flight T[[word cut off]]

[[Graphic of flight map and flight projections, starts from a point off of Oakland, CA, shows wavy path plane took as well as wind patterns, ends in Hawaii. Text throughout the graphic]]
Start 
Oakland
3:42 P.M.
P.S.T. 
DEC. 4, 1934
STIFF HEAD WINDS AT START 
STIFF SIDE WINDS THAT TURNED INTO TAIL WINDS FOR TEN HOURS
S.S. COOLIDGE IN RADIO COMMUNICATION WITH PLANE UNTIL SIGNALS FROM PLANE FAILED
15[[DEGREE]] DRIFT OFF COURSE 3 HOURS OUT OF HONOLULU
LAST RADIO
9 24 A.M
?
OUT OF GAS - RADIO CRIPPLED
CIRCLE ROUTE
S.S. PRESIDENT LINCOLN 
HONOLULU
RADIO SIGNALS FROM PLANE GROW WEAKER AS ULM GOES NORTH LATER SIGNALS GROW STRONGER INDICATING THAT PLANE HAD TURNED SOUTH

Col. Art Goebel, famed ocean flyer, one of the first to hop to Hawaii, reasons that Capt. Charles T. P. Ulmk and his two companions drifted from their course and reset it too late to avert the tragedy that claimed their lives in their flight to Australia. This drawing by Charles H. Owens, Times staff artist, depicts the theory step by step. Here Col. Goebel is shown pointing out the approximate sport on a globe, where he is convinced, he says, the trans-Pacific flyers struck the sea and went to their watery graves. The Dole race winner, back in Los Angeles after a 31,800-mile flight, is backed up in his solution by other local pilots.

Clyde Pangborn: "Lack of preparation; carelessness."

Ruth Elder: "Inexperience, Islands overshot!"

Col. Roscoe Turner: "Lack of equipment and experience." 

BLAME FOR ULM'S FATE IN OCEAN HOP LAIN ON WEATHER AND FAULTY RADIO
Our of his bad of aerial tricks and theories, a Los Angeles aviator among the immortals of trail-blazing adventure last night picked an answer to the riddle of Capt. Charles T. P. Ulm's fate and that of the two gallant comrades who went to a watery grave with him when their Star of Australia fell into the ocean on its Oakland-Australia flight, December 5. 
Dirty night weather worked hand-in-glove with a faulty directional radio receiving set to sound the men's doom. 
Col. Art Goebel, who, in wining the Dole flight, became the first to fly the foute that claimed the lives of Capt. Ulm, George Littlejohn, his co-pilot, and Leon Skilling, navigator, spoke from experience.
ECHOED BY OTHERS
And what he said was echoed, more or less exactly, by other great flyers-Col. Roscoe Turner, Clyde Pangborn, Ruth Elder, Sir Charles Kingsford - Smith, Laura Ingalls, Reeder Nichols-most of whom are in Los Angeles.
Goebel, who flew from Oakland to Honolulu in 26h. 27m. 33s., on August 16 and 17, 1927 said: "They evidently had bad weather during the night, and could not use celestial navigation. Their directional radio receiving set must not have been functioning properly, thus preventing their discovering their drift to the north until too late. 
NORTH OF OAHU
"They never reached the islands, but fell short north of Oahu, on which Honolulu is situated."
The Dole winner believes the men struck the ocean about 150 miles north of Honolulu and therefore did not overshoot their mark, as one theory had it. In this she supported by R. W. Bunce, district manager of Globe Wireless, Ltd. 
TALKING TO SHIP
Here is their reasoning:
The Globe's Kaena Point station, north of Oahu, picked up the Star of Australia's signals and heard the plane talking to the steamer President Collidge, the nearing Honolulu. Strength of the signals increased for two hours, indicating the plane had left the President Coolidge some 300 miles behind. Then their apparatus receiving the directional radio beam evidently became unknowingly to the north. For, had Ulm turned south, the strength of the signals would have grown more pronounced. 
Instead the signals became weaker. They were not heard at the Pearl Harbor navy base. 
RESET TOO LATE
At length, at 9:24 a.m. (T. H. time" the strength of the signals started to gain. The men had reset their course. But- "They reset their course too late," Goebel said. "Their gasoline supply gave out." 
Goebel, who has just completed a 31,800-mile aerial tour of nineteen States for an oil company, was backed up in large measure by other local flyers. 
Col. Roscoe Turner said: "The answer can be put in two nutshell-lack of proper experience and lack of proper equipment."
LACK OF PREPARATION
Clyde Pangborn, Turner's co-pilot in the Melbourne flight blamed lack of preparation and careless attention to navigation details. 
Ruth Eider and Paul Mantz charged the tragedy to inexperience, but think the islands were overshot. 
Laura Ingalls clings to miscalculation of fuel consumption. Reeder Nichols, radio operator put the onus on inadequate radio equipment and an inexperienced navigator had caused the triple tragedy. 


Vol. LIV C
"Everything Going Fine," Ulm Radios on Australia Hop
Flyer, Making Better Time Than Planned, Misses Steamer Contact on Flight to Hawaii
OAKLAND, Dec. 3. (U.P.)-Capt. Charles T. P. Ulm and two companions soared away from Oakland Airport at 3:42 p.m. today, bound for Australia on a flight to blaze the trail for trans-Pacific passenger and mail service. At 10:30 p.m. P.S.T. Mackay radio operators at San Francisco reported they had established direct radio contact with the star of Australia and that Ulm had informed them "everything is O.K." 
They asked hin the position of the plane but received no answer, the operators said. At the time the plane was attempting to establish contact with the President Coolidge, reported almost halfway along the plane's route to Honolulu. The liner reported that she was unable to establish radio contact with the plane. Shortly after 8 p.m. tonight, Capt. Ulm reported that his plane "The Star of Australia" was nearing the steamer Lurline, approximately 910 miles southwest of San Francisco. "Everything is going fine," Radio Operator Leon Skilling reported. Searchlights aboard the Lurline were trained skyward in search of the Plane as it streaked overhead.
Having Radio Trouble
However, some twenty minutes later, the Lurline's operator was heard to send the following message: "you have passed us. We did not see you." Apparently the operator on Ulm's plane was having trouble with his set, as he repeatedly asked for "repeats."
Ulm's radio reports indicated that he was averaging between 125 and 150 miles an hour, and would reach Hawaii well within the twenty-four-hour limit set. 
Tail Winds Likely 
The plane's speed, considerably greater than planned before start of the flight, indicated the flyers mya have gained the benefit of strong tailwinds. 
Capt. Ulm pointed his bi-monitored low-wing English monoplane into the air after two days' waiting for favorable weather conditions. Word that rain squalls near the Hawaiian Ilands had cleared away was flashed shortly after noon and Ulm quickly made ready for the take-off. With him are George Littlejon, co-pilot, and Leon Skilling, navigator and radio operator. 
Goal 2408 Miles Away
Rocketing the powerful plane, the Star of Australia, straight down the take-off runway, Ulm sent the heavily loaded craft into the air and shot straight across San Francisco Bay and out the Golden Gate-gleaming under the bring sun of a clear day-toward Hawaii, 2408 miles away. The plane married 825 gallons of gasoline. 
The course set for the orange and gray colored craft will take it. 
(Continued on Page 8 Column 3)

Charles T. P. Ulm, intrepid aviator, who took off yesterday from Oakland for Hawaii on projected flight to Australia. 
P)-The House of Representatives [[p]]assed a bill today making a grant £5000 (approximately $25,000,) to [[M]]rs. Charles T. P. Ulm, whose husband has been missing for ten days [[missing word]] a trans-Pacific flight. 

Wreckage Found Near Island Not From Ulm Plane
HONOLULU, Dec. 19. (U.P.)-Naval air base officials announced tonight that a piece of an airplane strut found off Niihau Island definitely has been identified as from a navy plane scrapped last summer. Early rumors had spread that the strut was from the Star of Australia, the plane in which Capt. Charles T. P. Ulm, George Littlejohn and Leon Skilling were forced down at sea on a projected Oakland (Cal.) to Australia flight. 

(continued from First Page)
on a direct line to Honolulu, then to Fanning Island, tiny coral atoll some 900 miles south of Hawaii, and on to Suva, in the Fiji Islands. Auckland, in New Zealand, and finally to Sidney [[Syndey]], and Melbourne, Australia. 
Ulm plans a stop at Fanning Island to pick up additional gasoline. Ulm said that the trip will be no race against time, and that he is making it to map a route for passenger and commercial plane service. He is managing director of a company reportedly interested in establishment of such service. 
TWO LYNX MOTORS
The Star of Australia is powered by two 240 horsepower Lynx motors, with a cruising speed of 125 to 150 miles an hour. Its propellers have been pitched to guarantee maximum gasoline consumption, Ulm said. 
Twelve pounds of rations were carried by three flyers. In addition, they have a small water condenser to distill salt water in event they are forced down at sea. They carried no life rafts, however. "We don't expect to get our feet wet," Ulm said. 

Ulm [[phrase cut off]] couver, B.C. whence he originally had intended to take off for "down under," that he and his two companions would take off "tomorrow or Sunday" from Oakland. He indicated it probably would be tomorrow morning. This will be Ulm's second trip by air across the broad expanse to Honolulu and Australia. He flew Smith as co-pilot in the first trans-Pacific flight in 1928. He and his crew, George Littlejohn, co-pilot, and Leon Skilling, navigator were undeterred by a narrow escape from a crack-up this morning as the plane rumbled the entire length of the field before it would struggle into the air with its 600 gallons of gasoline aboard in a test flight and then cleared the fence by a mere matter of inches.

Ulm Spends Day Here En Route to Hop Pacific
En route to Vancouver, where he will hop next week for Honolulu, George Ulm, Australian navigator for Sir Charles Kingsford-Smith on his first trans-Pacific flight, landed late yesterday at Municipal Airport from Texas. 
This morning he and his navigator, J. L. Skilling, will leave for San Francisco, the next stop. 

SYDNEY (N. S. W.) Dec. 17, (æ)
Refusing to abandon hope for her husband, missing for two weeks on a trans-Pacific flight, Mrs. Charles T. Ulm chartered the schooner COnsul in Honolulu to make a month's search for him. 
The Lanakai will cruise about reefs and island from Honolulu to Midway Island. 

Flight From L.A. 
OAKLAND, Nov. 29-(U.P.)-Charles T. Ulm, Australian aviator, landed here today from Los Angeles on another leg of his flight from Montreal to Vancouver, where he intends to hop for Australia. 
The Australian encountered fog after leaving Los Angeles. He was accompanied by George Littlejohn, co-pilot, and Guy L. Skilling, navigator. 
Ulm expected to talk flight conditions with Sir Charles Kingford-Smith, who recently flew from Australia to Oakland. Ulm was Kingsford-Smith's co-pilot when the later flew from Oakland to Australia in the Southern Cross six years ago. 

for Flyer Ulm
HONOLULU, Dec. 11, (æ)-The search of Lieut. Charles T. P. Ulm and two other Australians in the ocean a week ago on an attempted flight here for Oakland, Cal., was ended today. 

HONOLULU, Dec. 15, (æ)-On the possible change that Lieut. Charles T. P. Ulm overshot the Hawaiian Islands on his flight from Oakland, Cal., to Honolulu en route to Australia, the Coast Guard cutter Itasca will leave tomorrow for Johnston Island, an uninhabited speak of land 720 miles Southwest of Honolulu.