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May 31. [[Ga]]zzetta Del popolo. Mar 1907. Turin La navigazione aerea ovvero il più pesante dell'aria. la Mostra internazionale di automobili, nello and >>[[stand]] n° 20, si osserva un modello di areoplano entato dal dottor Imoda, di forma slanciata ed ante. sue ali disposte su due piani viste di fronte no la sagoma delle ali dl un albatro, tto fra queste è l'arconanta che governa per co di une volanti un timone anteriore per equilibrio anterio-posteriore, i due timoni laterali l'equilibrio laterale e per la direzione, a coda si allunga posteriormente per assicurare abilità. macchina è già in costruzione presso una offi- meccanica della nostra città. sa pesa, montata, 200 kg. Ha un motore leg- di 50 HP, un'elica di 2 m. di diametro, del di m. 1,20, una superficie d'ala di 40 mq., con apporto fra peso e superfieie di 49/230 = 1/5: velocità richiesta per l'innalzamento è calcolata m, al 1", La macchina è sorretta da due ruote to simili a quelle di una bicicletta, poste an mente, e da una piccola ruota posteriore. Times New York 3 Mar, 1907. THE RISE OF A BALLOONIST. Most of the sky pilots who putter around among the clouds in airships aeroplanes, flying machines, and the other variously named aerial craft are graduates of the gas bag chool. In fact, a majority of them, otably the successful members of the ult, are still plain balloonists. They ay look forward expectantly to the day hen the big silk bag will lie idle while ey glide smoothly through the air on tes propelled by a fifty-horse power gine. But when it comes to being lated up so far from the madding owd that street cars look like water gs, they want something tangible to do preferably 20,000 cubic feet of gas in a ong bag. ne of these rarefied air breathers is y Knabenshue, who has at various es sailed in triumph and a cigar-shaped oon over New York. Knabenshue is ambitious young man who has aimed the moon in the strictly literal sense the word. He is a firm believer in oons and a scoffer at the new-fangled machines. His only concession to ad- ed ideas on the subject has been to his ballon to a gasoline engine and opeller. en he was 18 years old Knabenshue went up in a belloon. It was tied long rope to the grand stand in the grounds at Toledo, Ohio. The ful aeronaut offered to take the populace up 500 feet in the air at nts a head. One man only accept- a dare. It was Carl Knabenshue, lot's brother. So from a financial of view his initial venture was essful. He like the idea of kit- through the air, and later on he de= to unhitch the long rope and see would happen. big balloon shot up and took him ty miles an hour. Then it dropped Friday at Baodeek 3[[strikethrough]]2[[/strikethrough]][[strikethrough]]1[[/strikethrough]] [[strikethrough]]3[[/strikethrough]] Dispatch _ St Louis Mo. 3 Mar 1907. IF YOU WOULD BE A BALLOONIST. READ "THE BALLONIST'S CATECHISM" WHICH TELLS ALL ABOUT THE NEWST SPORT ________ If the Bag Doesn't Burst and the Wind Doesn't Wreck It and — ________ LIGHTNING DOESN'T HIT IT ________ And Your Don't Blow It Up Lighting a Cigar, the Sport's Fairly Safe. There are many ballon cranks in St. Louis and there are going to'be many more. The St. Louisan who doesn't know something about ballons will be an ob- ject of pity during the international races here next fall. His lot will be worse than that of the man at the horse show who diesn't know anything about horses. The Post-Dispatch proposes to do a great educational work along this line by reproducing from "Five Thousand Miles in a Balloon." what the author, Frank Hadges Butler, calls "The Bal- oonists' Catechism." Mr. Butler was he English representative in the 1906 race which was won by an American, Lieut. Lahm. He, therefore, is quali- ied to tell you all you need to know about ballooning. Here is the cate- chism: Q. What is a balloon? A. A bal- oon is a vessel, containing gas, made of a light cotton or sil material sewn ogether and varnished. It is usually nflated with common coal gas, and rises because with its load it is "lighter than air." It floats in the atmosphere, and moves onward at the exact speed of the wind. Q. What is a valve? A. A valve is wooden or metal device at the top of a balloon with doors which, when pulled v a cord, open and allow the gas to es- ape. The doors shut with a spring when the cord is released. How Ripping Valve Works. Q. What is a ripping valve? A. A ipping valve is a long length of ma- trial sewn on the upper part of the bal- oon which tears away when pulled cord, open and thereby deflates the ballon n a few seconds when on the ground. Q. What purpose does the net serve? A. It completely covers the balloon, dds to the strength of the envelope, di- ides the strain equanlly over the sur- ace, and supports the entire weight which the balloon carries. It terminates n a number of lines to which the hoop nd car are attached. Q. What is the Hoop? A. A circle f strong wood bound with hemp or teel wire, to which the ropes of the bal- oon and car are attached. Q. What is the Neck and Mouth of balloon? A. The appendix at the bot= om of the balloon through which it is lled with gas. The mouth must al- ways be open when in the air, so that ny expansion of gas is immediately elieved. Q. What is a Guide-Rope? A. The uide-rope (inveted by Charles Green n 1828} hangs pendant from the hoop, d 250 feet long, and weighs about half hundredweight. If the descent it first ouches the ground, thereby relieving he balloon of its weight, so that its ownward course is arrested. it also hows the direction of movement, and cts as a brake, while trailing over the round. Q. What is a Grapnel? A. The rapnel, or anchor, is a steel implement uspended by a rope, and thrown out when near the ground, so as to catch n a hedge or field, and stop the onward ourse of the balloon. How to Make an Ascent. Q. What are the first steps? A. Hav- ng laid out the balloon and netting, at- ended to the velve, and placed the sandbags in posiiton round the ballon, you fill it with gas. Q. When the balloon is full, what then? A. You attach the hoop and car, see that the valve lines and rippping cord lines are disentangled, and that the trail rope and anchor rope are firmly attached to the hoop. When the aero- naut and passengers are in the car the mouth is untied. The weight of one ad= ditional man in the hoop for this pur- pose is sufficient to keep the balloon from rising. Q. What about the valve lines? A. The red ripping-cord is put in a red pocket and the valve-line is put in a red pocket and the valve-line in a white pocket. Q. When starting, what do you do? A. Be sure to see that the lines are not twisted and, as an extra precau- tion, try the valve. Attend to the lifting power of the balloon. Keep in the car just sufficient weight of sand to enable it to rise with its aeronaut and pas- sengers. Q. When you wish to start, what or- ders do you give? A. "Hands off" round the car, and if the balloon does not rise you throw our a little more bal- last. During th above the clouds it is impossible to de- termind the direction. Q—Is it possible to communicate with people on land? A.—Under 1000 feet by speaking slowly and clearly, the voice is heard distinctly. The re- turn voice takes a short time to travel back. Above 1000 feet, the voice will not carry. Q. Are sounds audible when high in the air? A. Steam whistles, the bark- ing of dogs and the lowing of cows can be heard for several thousand feet. Pleasures of Night Ballooning. Q. Are there any dangers in balloon-ing at night? A. The eye becomes ac- customed to the darkness, and fields, woods and rivers can generally be traced. Electric lamps enable the areo- naut to read the different instruments On moonight nights, it is frequently easy to distinguish the features of the landscape. Q. Is there any danger in the event of a thunderstorm? A. If the aeronaut is prudent and sees a thunderstorm brewing, he will desdnd at once be- cause of the atmospheric conditions be- ing unfavorable. Q. Is there any danger in being car- ried out to the sea? A. Knowing one's whereabouts, it is always easy to de-scend. Q. What is the method of rising to a greater height? A. A little sand ballast is thrown over the side from a scoop to lighten the balloon. Q. What are the methods of descent? A. The balloon automatically descends a period. owing to the loss of gas, but if an earlier descent is desired, the cord is pulled to open the valve, which lets the gas escape at the top of the balloon. The neck line is then tied to the hoop, and the anchor rope dropped so that the anchor, may be thrown when required. The descent can also be made voluntarily without pulling the valve, because the balloon descends by gravi- tation. Juse before the balloon basket touches land, it is best to bend the knees and, if possible, suspend your- self holding on to the ropes. Precautions in Ascending. Q. Is there, in windy weather, any likelihood of beeing dragged during the descent? A. The ripping cord, which takes a panel out of the envelope, and deflates the balloon in 10 seconds, now safeguards against that. Q. How is it possible to determine the exact spot for the descent? [[Diagram of inflated balloon and attached basket with key components labelled]] VALVE SPRINGS VALVE RIPPING SEAM BALLOON ENVELOPE RIPPING CORD VALVE LINE APPENDIX NECK MOUTH NECK LINE LEADING LINES TOGGLES HOOP CAR LINES GRAPNEL &ROPE CAR GUIDE ROPE and TRAIL ROPE In order to make clear the various technical names referred to in the accompanying questions and answers, this diagram is reprinted from Mr. Butler's book. From this the reader may see at a glance the positions of the several portions and appliances. which constitute the complete aero- stat. The height of ballon from car to valve is 66 feet; its diameter 44 feet 6 inches; its contents 45,000 cubic feet. Its total weight packed for travelling is 800 pounds. When inflated with coal gas will lift four per- sons and amount of ballast equal to another passenger.
Transcription Notes:
12192022- Broke lines as was done in the articles due to the inability to completely transcribe some words, because of the way the newsprint was cut or mangled, in an effort to ease readability. Also, aligned handwritten text above the article with which it appeared to be most aligned.
Same clip appears in previous item 9, but with less of the left hand side cut off.
